Impact of probiotic intake on the glycemic control, lipid profile and inflammatory markers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with many dramatic complications. It has also been suggested that altered intestinal microbiota leads to increased intestinal permeability and mucosal immune response, contributing to the development of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of introduction of probiotic products on glycemic control and inflammatory markers among patients with T2DM. Methods. The present work was carried on 150 patients with T2DM. The studied patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours post prandial blood glucose (2hPP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF α). They were divided into 3 groups each of 50 patients. They were all instructed to eat well-balanced diet. The first group was instructed to eat the well-balanced diet only, the second group received 2 cups of yogurt daily in addition to diet and the third group received one teaspoonful yeast daily in addition to diet. The effect of the intervention was evaluated after 16 weeks. Results. Patients receiving yogurt and the patients receiving yeast showed significant reduction of FBG, HbA1c, IL6, TNF-a, CRP and significant elevation of HDL-C compared to patients on diet only. The 3 groups showed significant reduction in 2hPP blood glucose and LDL-C. Conclusion. Probiotic intake in patients with T2DM has beneficial effect on glycemic control, lipid profile and inflammatory markers after 16 weeks.

The effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials

“…In the current meta-analysis, 2074 participants were included (control = 956; case = 1118). Studies were published between 2012 and 2021 and were performed in Asia (n = 26) [2,15,20,21,[23][24][25][26][27][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], Europe (n = 3) [12,19,53], Africa (n = 1) [54], Oceania (n = 1) [3], and America (n = 1) [55]. All subjects were patients with T2DM [2, 12, 15, 19-21, 23-27, 37-55], except for two RCTs that studied individuals with prediabetes [3,36].…”

The effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

“…Table 1 shows the basic information for the included 30 studies. Nine studies were conducted in Asian patients (three in China [ 15 , 16 , 24 ] and one each in India [ 25 ], Indonesia [ 26 ], Thailand [ 27 ], Japan [ 28 ], Malaysia [ 29 ], and Korea [ 30 ]), 19 studies were conducted in Caucasian patients (12 in Iran [ 11 , 12 , 31 – 40 ] and one each in Ukraine [ 41 ], Turkey [ 23 ], Sweden [ 42 ], Saudi Arabia40 [ 43 ], Egypt [ 44 ], Denmark [ 45 ], and Australia [ 46 ]) and two studies were conducted in other races (two in Brazil [ 47 , 48 ]). In the 30 RCTs, there were a total of 1,827 subjects, with 922 in the probiotic group and 905 in the control group.…”

Effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…A total of 3 317 patients (1 669 cases and 1 648 controls) with ages from 43.4 years to 66.0 years old, intervention time from 4 weeks to 26 weeks and baseline BMI from 22.47 kg/m 2 to 35.8 kg/m 2 . Of the 56 trial comparisons from 52 studies, 30 comparisons from 27 studies reported BMI , 28 comparisons from 25 studies reported weight [13,[34][35][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][56][57][59][60][61][62] , 10 comparisons from 9 studies reported WC [34][35]39,42,48,50,[52][53]57] , 19 comparisons from 17 studies reported SBP and DBP [33,[36][37][38][39][46][47][48][52][53]57,59,61,[63]…”

“…19 comparisons from 18 studies reported HOMA-IR [13,33,[35][36][37]39,41,44,47,49,51,54,56,58,65,[72][73]77] , 30 comparisons from 28 studies reported TC [3,13,33,[35][36][37]39,[42][43]45,[47][48]51,53,[55][56][57]62,[64][65]67,71,73,[76][77][79][80][81] , 29 comparisons from 27studies reported TG [3,13,33,[35][36][37]…”

“…Two RCTs [46][47] were cross-over design and others applied a parallel design. Of the included studies, one was performed in China [69] , one in Egypt [62] , one in India [13] , one in Arab [36] , one in Malaysia [37] , one in Danish [39] , one in Sweden [53] , one in Japan [55] , one in Thailand [3] , one in Austria [75] , two in Indonesia [57,60] , two in Brazil [77,79] and the other 38 studies were performed in Iran. 9 trials used prebiotic supplements [43,[48][49][60][61]68,[71][72]78] , 11 trials used synbiotic supplements [38,41,[44][45][46][47]56,66,75,79,82] and the rest of the trials used probiotics.…”