Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)phenol and it derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectral methods lik (FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1 H NMR) and elemental analysis beside the measurements of their physical properties. All the prepared compounds were used as photo stabilizer with polyvinyl chloride. The rate of photo degradation and photo stabilization for PVC films were monitored with irradiation time by measuring the carbonyl (Ico) index values. In addition, the effect of concentrations additives on the rate of photo degradation and photo stabilization process was also studied. We found that the rates were increased with increasing of additives concentrations. Besides, the effect of film thickness is studied and the results showed that the increasing of film thickness will decrease the rate of photo degradation as the following sequences: [5] > [2] > [1] > [3] > [4] > PVC. Degree of deterioration (α), average number of cuts per single polymer chain (s), were calculated for PVC films as a control and that which contains the additives. According to the experimental results obtained several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among then UV absorption and radical scavenger for photo stabilizer additive mechanisms were suggested.
Perovskite materials, due to their excellent photovoltaic features, have aroused the researchers′ admiration as a photon‐absorption film for the next‐generation photovoltaics. The interface tailoring of perovskites and hole‐transport layer (HTL) is one of the critical approaches to achieve effective and stabilized perovskite solar cell (PSC). Hence, poly[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2 ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]‐thiophenediyl] (PTB7) as a polymeric organic semiconductors was employed for doping of anti‐solvent solution to modify the perovskite film. Results showed with PTB7 dopant; grain boundaries (GBs) of the perovskites are reduced. It suppressed carriers′ trap centers in the perovskite film and decreased recombination processes within perovskite layers. Besides, the high intrinsic conductivity of PTB7 material assisted charge injection at the perovskites/HTL interfaces and hindered carrier's accumulation. The device with PTB7 showed a more matched energy level and a higher prevention for recombination than the device without PTB7 dopant, which are reasons for the considerable boost in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill‐factor (FF), giving rise a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.18 % for the champion performing PVs. Most important, the hydrophobic origin of PTB7 leads to superb humidity stability in the device with PTB7 dopant with 85 % of the original performance remaining after more than 800 h storing in air with ∼40 % RH.
This article included the photostabilization study for poly(vinyl chloride)) by using newly stabilizers derived from [1,1 -Bis (4-aminophenyl)-4-Phenyl Cyclohexane] as additives against photodegradation. For that purpose, many samples (films) has been prepared by adding additives to the poly(vinyl chloride) with different weight percentages from additives and by different thickness. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by detecting the carbonyl group (The position off carbonyl absorption is specified at 1724-1770 cm -1 ) with irradiation time. The absorption spectra of poly vinyl chloride films were followed using Shimadzu Spectrophotometer Also, change the viscosity of the averagee molecular weight and the degree of deterioration (α) and the average number of chain scission (s) was studied .We found through results that the rate of photostabilization in the presences of additives follows the following trend:-C4 > C3 > C2 > C1 > PVC UV absorption peroxide decomposer, for mechanisms haven been suggested according to experimental results obtained.
Heterocyclic compounds have been used extensively used in pharmaceutical research area due to their effective biological activities. Thiazine, a heterocyclic compound with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen and one sulfur atoms which have promising pharmacological activities that have attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. In this research [3-(4-Amino-phenyl)-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one [comp. (2)] was used as a synthone for the preparation of Schiff bases [comp.(3)-(7)]. The synthesis compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction and characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectrum (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ag NPs was used as a base nano metal for preparing Schiff bases-Ag NPs derivatives. The pure Ag NPs and Ag NPs functionalized Schiff bases nano compounds were used to check their effectiveness against four different types of bacterial (Staphylococcus aurous, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.) and one type of fungal (Candida albicans) by a serial dilution method.
This research describes preparation of new four compounds (A2-A5) having 1,3-oxazepine and Tetrazole rings. The first step involves reaction of benzidine (A1) with aromatic aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) in ethanol as a solvent in the presence of acid as catalyst to yield the Schiff base (A2), Schiff base (A2) was condensed with maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride in dry benzene to give a seven-membered heterocyclic ring derivative (A3, A4), In addition, we synthesis novel tetrazole derivative (A5) from the reaction of Schiff base (A2) with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran. The structure of synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods [FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR] and measurement physical properties. The photo stabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) films by compounds (A1-A5) was studied. The Photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl and hydroxyl indexes values with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were studied by using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. The influence of concentrations additives (range 0.1-0.5wt) on the rate of photodegradation and Photostabilization course was studied. Therefore, we found that was an increase Photostabilization rates with increasing concentrations of additives. In addition, Studying the effect of film thickness and the results showed that an increase in film thickness would reduce the rate of photolysis. The results indicated that Photostabilisation proportion of plastic in the presence of additives follow the trend: (PVC blank) > PVC+A1> PVC+A2 > PVC+A5> PVC+A4> PVC+A3. According to the results obtained, it proposed mechanisms depending on the structure of the additive.
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