Polymer‐Based Anti‐Solvent Engineering to Fabricate Stable and Efficient Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite materials, due to their excellent photovoltaic features, have aroused the researchers′ admiration as a photon‐absorption film for the next‐generation photovoltaics. The interface tailoring of perovskites and hole‐transport layer (HTL) is one of the critical approaches to achieve effective and stabilized perovskite solar cell (PSC). Hence, poly[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2 ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]‐thiophenediyl] (PTB7) as a polymeric organic semiconductors was employed for doping of anti‐solvent solution to modify the perovskite film. Results showed with PTB7 dopant; grain boundaries (GBs) of the perovskites are reduced. It suppressed carriers′ trap centers in the perovskite film and decreased recombination processes within perovskite layers. Besides, the high intrinsic conductivity of PTB7 material assisted charge injection at the perovskites/HTL interfaces and hindered carrier's accumulation. The device with PTB7 showed a more matched energy level and a higher prevention for recombination than the device without PTB7 dopant, which are reasons for the considerable boost in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill‐factor (FF), giving rise a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.18 % for the champion performing PVs. Most important, the hydrophobic origin of PTB7 leads to superb humidity stability in the device with PTB7 dopant with 85 % of the original performance remaining after more than 800 h storing in air with ∼40 % RH.

Polyaniline/Nickle oxide hole transport layers to increase stability and efficiency of regular perovskite solar cells

“…Also, the spectrum revealed a typical absorption shoulder and an absorption onset at 746 and 786 nm, respectively. As shown in Figure 2B, the energy bandgap of perovskite film was determined from the Tauc plot, and the value was found to be 1.582 eV, which is corroborated with previously measured values 38,39 . Figure 2C demonstrates the XRD pattern of the MAPbI 3 film deposited onto a substrate of FTO/c‐TiO 2 /mp‐TiO 2 .…”

“…Also, the spectrum revealed a typical 2B, the energy bandgap of perovskite film was determined from the Tauc plot, and the value was found to be 1.582 eV, which is corroborated with previously measured values. 38,39 Figure 2C demonstrates the XRD pattern of the MAPbI 3 film deposited onto a substrate of FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 . The film showed good crystallinity and possessed a tetragonal structure with the diffraction peaks at 2Ɵ = 13.9 , 28.2 , and 31.6 , which are associated with (110), (220), and (310) facets, respectively, as reported elsewhere.…”

Stable Hole-Transporting Material-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 14% via the Introduction of a Malonic Acid Additive for a Perovskite Precursor

“…A lot of study has been accomplished to adapt the perovskite film, including synthesis techniques, − additive engineering, − anti-solvents, − etc. Additive engineering is proposed to be an effective approach for fabricating perovskite films with a well-crystallized structure .…”

Efficient and hysteresis-free mixed-dimensional 2D/3D perovskite solar cells using ethyl lactate as a green additive to perovskite precursor solutions

“…For instance, organic p-type materials like Spiro-OMeTAD were commonly utilized as the HTL in HPSCs, but they were dissolved in the very toxic solvent chlorobenzene. [24][25][26] Moreover, chlorobenzene solvent is widely used as an efficient anti-solvent to modulate the microstructure of the perovskite layer. The success of the anti-solvent technique in controlling crystal development to generate high quality films has been demonstrated by its use in achieving efficient and stable mixed cation HPSCs.…”