The article shows the influence of different rates and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the balance of essential nutrients in the four-field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, and soybean) during eight years in the context of incorporation into the soil or removal of a non-commercial part of the yield of the field. The stationary field experiment was performed on the black podzolized heavy loamy soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The experiment scheme included 11 variants of combinations and separate applications of mineral fertilizers as well as control variants without fertilization. It has been established that in the annual removal of nutrients together with grain harvest nitrogen makes up the biggest share (64.4–149.9 kg hа-1), then phosphorus – 21.1–51.4 kg hа-1 depending on the fertilizing in the crop rotation. The variant of the experiment N110P60K40 provides the optimal intensity of the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (103, 122, and 111%, respectively) when a non- marketable part of the yield is left for fertilizing in the field. When this part of the yield is removed from the field there is a deficit balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the intensity (76, 76, 61%, respectively) even in the variant with the annual average application of N110P60K80. The use of non-marketable agricultural products in crop rotation for fertilization and the average annual application of N110P30–60K40–80 allows compensation for the losses of nitrogen 24%, phosphorus 33%, and potassium 71%
Competence-based technologies used for teaching a foreign language in non-linguistic higher education institutions, put at the center of all education system student competence, providing comfortable, conflict-free conditions of its development, realization of natural and acquired potentials. The construction of a competence-based educational process presupposes the orientation of the training space on the competence sphere of students. The studied experience makes it possible to identify competencebased “platforms”, as well as the main “landmarks” for teaching a foreign language to future experts of non-linguistic specialties. Not only the general English language course, which is quite universal for all specialties, but also the professionally-oriented course, which depends on the chosen specialty in the higher education institution, acquires great importance in the training of future non-language experts. The competence orientation of teaching foreign languages to students of non-linguistic specialties is to ensure proficiency in a foreign language within the framework of both everyday communication and in the specialty at a creative and professional level. Theoretical design of the formation of professional communicative competence of future non-language professionals in the process of learning a foreign language confirms the feasibility of the proposed method, allows us to theoretically justify its effectiveness.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.