The article considers several modern scientific papers substantiating the need for assessing workplace safety and focusing on methods applied for the quantitative assessment of working conditions. The analysis found unsolved problems in qualimetry, which could lead to the development of new practical and generally applicable methods to effectively assess working conditions. The analysis proved the relevance of the topic and helped to determine the aim of the article, i.e., the development of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of working conditions in industries, considering harmful production factors. An exponential distribution, which belongs to the theory of extreme statistics, was proposed for the transition of heterogeneous single indicators of harmful factors into a dimensionless scale. Affine transformations were used to combine dissimilar scales, making it possible to divide segments on dissimilar scales into equal proportions. The article proposes a step-by-step method for determining a complex indicator of working conditions in industries. The proposed methodology allows management decisions that minimise the deviation in actual values of harmful factors from the optimal ones. The developed technique was tested at one specific metallurgical production site.
This article analyses the results of the proposed approach to quality assessment of the use of online courses in the system of Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy e-learning and to assess its effectiveness in solving the problem of improving the quality of education. The courses were inspected after the Spring 2020 semester, according to the following criteria: activity of the process participants; interactivity of the process when using an online course; the intensity of the process by the elements of a course; dynamics of students’ educational achievements and management of the process of using an online course. This article shows that without painstaking daily systematic work regarding supporting the use of each online course, one should not hope for the effective impact of this form of studying. This should be done in every educational institution because the COVID-19 pandemic is not over and a significant part of educational institutions will spend the 2020/2021 academic year under the strict quarantine.
The article gives up-to-date demands to graduates of higher educational establishments of Ukraine, the demands to their professional activities are thoroughly analyzed. The components of professional actions of a teacher-engineer are outlined, conclusions concerning the degree of their realization in students' pedagogical training content are made. The prospects of further researches in the given direction are defined.
The influence of the measuring device error on the consumer’s and manufacturer’s risks was studied for three cases of the organization of completing: complete interchangeability, selective completing and completing with ranking. The presence of measurement error does not allow to avoid risks; however, their values must be estimated so that they do not have a significant impact on manufactured products. The study was carried out for a “shaft-hole” connection by statistical modeling, the laws of dimension distribution were accepted as normal, as well as the laws of distribution of measurement errors. For the case of completing with complete interchangeability, the accuracy of two-stage control was studied; it is recommended to establish the accuracy of the initial measurements at 20–25 % of the tolerance field, repeated measurements at 10–12 % of the tolerance field, while the manufacturer’s risk does not exceed 0.2 %, the consumer’s risk is practically zero. In the case of selective completing, the requirements for the accuracy of the measuring device are significantly higher than in the case of completing with complete interchangeability, since errors are possible not only at the limits of the tolerance field but also at the limits of the selection groups. Therefore, the measurement error should not exceed 5 % of the tolerance field width; it is also advisable to limit the number of selection groups. When completing with ranking, the accuracy of the measuring device has the least impact on risks, especially if the number of parts in the batch is large enough and the measurement error complies with the standards in mechanical engineering. It was established that for the number of sets greater than 10, almost complete assemblability is achieved and the risks associated with the measurement error become insignificant. Thus, if it is necessary to increase the accuracy of products at the assembly stage, it is recommended to use completing with ranking instead of selective completing.
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