Background: he recent outbreak of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) which has rapidly spread around the world in about three months with tens of thousands of deaths recorded so far is a global concern. An urgent need for potential therapeutic intervention is of necessity. Mpro is an attractive druggable target for the development of anti-COVID-19 drug development. Compounds previously characterized from Melissa officinalis were queried against main protease of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using computational approach. Results: Melitric acid A and salvanolic acid A had higher affinity than lopinavir and ivermectin using both AutodockVina and XP docking algorithms. The computational approach was employed in the generation of QSAR model using automated QSAR, and in the docking of ligands from Melissa officinalis with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. The best model obtained was KPLS_Radial_28 (R2 = 0.8548 and Q2=0.6474, and was used in predicting the bioactivity of the lead compounds. Molecular mechanics based MM-GBSA confirmed salvanolic acid A as the compound with the highest free energy and predicted bioactivity of 4.777; it interacted with His-41 of the catalytic dyad (Cys145-His41) of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), as this may hinder the cutting of inactive viral protein into active ones capable of replication. Conclusion: Salvanolic acid A can be further evaluated as potential Mpro inhibitor.
Biochemical assessment of the body fluids gives an indication of the functional state of the various body organs and biochemical changes in the fluids which result from trypanosomiasis infections depend on the species of the parasite, its virulence, susceptibility of the host and the period of infection during which the samples are taken. Evaluations of biochemical parameters are usually done on specimen that includes serum or plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtain from infected animals or humans. Abnormal fluctuations are observe in indicators such as marker enzymes, electrolytes, plasma proteins, metabolites, plasma amino acids, hormones, haptoglobin, glucose, glycoproteins among other parameters on specimen collected. As observed from researchers past work, they often make use of few biochemical indicators which may be due to inability to get the appropriate ones to use at the point in time. This review is done to summarize the existing and new biochemical indicators used in trypanosome infection analysis.
Annona muricata belongs to the family Annonaceae, which is rampant in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe such as North America, Africa, Thailand and Asia. 1 Several pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotective and countless other benefits have been attributed to the extracts from the plant. [2][3][4][5][6][7] The phytoconstituents residing in the plant exhibit disease preventive properties, though they are not essential nutrients to human health. The plant is a domicile of essential bioactive compounds such as annonaceous acetogenins, polyphenols, tannin and alkaloids. 8 Various parts of the plant including the bark, fruit and seed are said to possess medicinal properties and its bark decoction, root, seed and leaf are vastly used in traditional medicine. 9Lipid peroxidation often involves oxidative damage by free radical assault on the membrane lipids. Lipid peroxidation plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson disease, silicosis and cancer. Radical oxidation involves the attack on unsaturated fatty acids with multiple bonds by reactive oxygen species (ROS), abstraction of hydrogen atom and eventual generation of lipids radicals which results in the destruction of membrane lipids. Oxidative stress by ROS usually involves a chain of reactions which leads to damage of cell constituents such as proteins, lipid and nucleic acids. 10 Consequent to their preventive role against free radical oxidation which results in emergence of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular problems and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, natural antioxidants from plants have become a subject of attraction and interest in combating and treating diseases, 11 Several experimental guided researches have documented the antioxidant activities of A. muricata, 12,13 but there is dearth of information as regard the antioxidant potential of the plant on several prooxidants. This research is therefore undertaken to investigate the antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of A. muricata against different prooxidants in rat cerebral and hepatic tissues. Methods ChemicalsThiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Tris-HCl were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Other chemicals used were obtained from certified suppliers. Animals15 male wistar rats with weight range of 200-250g were kept at room temperature under 12h light/dark cycle with access to water and food. Animals were housed and handled in adherence to Committee on Care and Use of Experimental Animal Resources guideline. Extract preparationFresh leaves of A. muricata were washed with water and dried under shade at room temperature. The dried leaves were grinded with mechanical grinder and 200g of the pulverized leaves was macerated in 600ml absolute ethanol for three days. The extract was then filtered, concentrated in a rotary evaporator and stored at 4 o C for assays.
Abstract. Green tea (GT) and Chamomile tea (CT) are one of the most important beverages which are used worldwide. They have become a subject of interest because of the beneficial effects on human health in recent years. In this study which was to demonstrate the cholesterol reducingeffects of Camiella sinesis, Matricaria chamomilla and their blend teas on serum lipids of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into control group (CG) and nine treated groups: GT1, GT3, GT5 treated with green tea; CT1, CT3, CT5 treated with Chamomile tea and GT+CT1, GT+CT3, GT+CT5 treated with blend green tea and chamomile tea of 10 mg/kg.BW/ml, 30 mg/kg.BW/ml and 50 mg/kg.BW/ml concentrations respectively. The teas were administered orally once in a day for 30 days. GT3, GT5; CT3, CT5 and GT+CT3, GT+CT5 animals showed significant decrease in triglycerides and total cholesterol and slight increase in HDL-c levels. The levels of LDL-c decreased in the treated groups compared to control group. The results of this study say that the individual tea samples have a significant effect on lipid profile and the teas are capable of improving the cardiovascular health.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), Mentha piperita (Peppermint) and their blend teas on serum lipids of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into control group (CG) and nine treated groups: P1, P3, P5 treated with peppermint tea; L1, L3, L5 treated with Licorice tea and P+L1, P+L3, P+L5 treated with blended peppermint and licorice tea of 10 mg/kg.BW/ml, 30 mg/kg.BW/ml and 50 mg/kg.BW/ml concentrations respectively. The teas were administered orally once in a day for 30 days. P3, P5; L3, L5 and P+L3, P+L5 animals showed significant decrease in triglycerides and total cholesterol and slight increase in HDL-c levels. The levels of LDL-c decreased in the treated groups compared to control group. The results suggested that supplementation with peppermint; licorice and their blend tea extracts can reduce the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL.
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