Background The global development of innovative antimicrobial drugs and drug design techniques has been necessitated by the persistent increase of multidrug resistant infections. Regardless of advances in technology for detecting pathogenic bacteria and their resistance genes (DNA-based assays), most bacteriological studies of infections still use conventional cultural techniques and susceptibility testing as reference standards. Commonly used conventional assays such as the disc diffusion test and broth micro-dilution have been effective in defining pathogen susceptibility and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial agents. However, they are still prone to error and time consuming, hence, not sufficient in the face of the urgent need for answers to sporadic worldwide disease maladies. Main body In this review, we describe a developing but promising method for gauging/measuring the amount of energy released when a cell is actively metabolizing, which may then be used to calculate the bacterial cell's growth rate. The isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) calscreener translate heat production of cellular metabolism which is pertinent to the operation of all biological life in demonstrating a more advanced technique for drug design and discovery, especially in the area of pathogen-specific chemotherapy. Conclusion The IMC calscreener technology is sacrosanct in establishing the heat levels in microwatt to read the metabolic kinematics of biological specimens with emphasis on medically-relevant bacteria within a closed scheme. The application of this technology also looks promising in antimicrobial chemotherapy and metal recovery.
Introduction: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) is a significant pharmacological plant and regularly used in different parts of the world. The antibacterial activity of the methanol leaf extract of A. paniculata against bacterial consortia from blood of diabetic patients was evaluated in this study. Methods: The enumeration of bacteria from blood samples of diabetic patients and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern were done using standard techniques. The phytochemical analysis of A. paniculata methanol extract and antibacterial assay of the extract were also done using standard methods. Results: Staphylococcus aureus had the highest occurring rate of 19.56 % while Klebsiella pneumoniae had the lowest occurring rate of 0.40 %. The isolates exhibited different sensitivity patterns to conventional antibiotics. There were variations in the zones of inhibition of A. paniculata methanol extract against the bacterial isolates as extract showed concentration was dependent on antibacterial activity with all the bacterial isolates susceptible to the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) of the A. paniculata methanol extract ranged from 5 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (mg/ml) of the bacteria isolated from diabetic patients ranged from 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml. Conclusion: Findings revealed that the methanol leaf extract of A. paniculata very strong antibacterial activity for a wide range of bacteria from blood samples of diabetic patients and more reliable than commercially available antibiotics hence suggesting that leaves of A. paniculata can be used to develop novel antibacterial drugs.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase (TK) that belongs to the ErbB family and governs important cellular functions like reproduction, survival, motility, and differentiation. Overexpression, intensification, and alteration of EGFR occur in a wide range of human malignancies and are associated with tumor progression and decreased anticancer drug sensitivity. As a result, EGFR has been identified as one of the primary anticancer targets. As cancer is more likely to be poorly understood in traditional medical practices, the extrapolation of an ethnomedicine-led strategy to identifying and prioritizing anticancer medicinal plants has been questioned. Nonetheless, given the challenges of developing innovative anticancer drugs that are effective, safe, inexpensive, and widely available, ethnomedicinal studies play critical roles in identifying relevant medicinal plants that can be further investigated. This study employed pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to develop an effective agent as an inhibitor for EGFR. The final findings revealed that the selected bioactive compound stabilized the EGFR protein. The optimum orientations of the various inhibitors was Friedelin and it was chosen and subjected, along with the FDA-approved drug, to molecular dynamics modeling to determine the molecular interaction of the medication with various mutational sites in order to deduce the suitable orientation for the inhibitors. The study also attest to the ethnomedicinal claims that ethnomedicinal plants played a huge role in anticancer drug discovery and that their exploration can change the bleak picture cancer paints in our societies today.
IntroductionAs indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, Nigeria represented the most prominent region of malaria incidence in Africa cases (25 %) [1]. Five species of Plasmodium are recognized to cause human infections: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi [2,3]. Most fatalities (about 91 %) happen in Africa, and are a result of infection by P. falciparum. Be that as it may, malaria is as yet responsible for half a million deaths yearly and the case casualty of severe malaria stays high. Resistance among the parasites has developed to a few antimalarial medications; for instance, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most malarial endemic regions, and artemisinin
Background The continuous increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial agents elicits a source of concern for public health. Developing a method that allows for swift evaluation of the antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacteria is a major leap in antimicrobial research and could be one of the deciding factors in providing a lasting solution to antimicrobial resistance. The gradual and continuous reduction in the cost and turnaround time of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has enabled scientists to develop WGS-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing using computational methods. The genes present on the ResFinder database were blasted against the WGS of the bacterial isolates obtained from NCBI database, and the best-matching genes were automatically generated by the system. Results Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected from the strains tested though not innate, thereby suggesting that they must have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, it was revealed that specific genes confer resistance to specific group of antibiotics. Conclusion The in silico method of antimicrobial resistance research provides for easy interpretation and reproducibility of results thereby reducing the cost and time utilized.
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