Purpose: Liver diseases as a problem all over the world has led to many deaths because the conventional drugs known for the cure are inadequate to effect perfect healing. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Senna hirsuta using mice model.Methods: After the initial effect of hepatic injury in mice with 1 g/kg body weight of paracetamol in a single dose for three days, 200, 400, 800, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract concentrations were used for treating the mice for five days. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected for analysesResults: The results obtained proved that paracetamol elicited toxicity in the mice. The red blood cells mean count in the negative control (7.67±0.92 million/mm3) was higher than the values obtained from the positive control (4.36±0.12 million/ mm3). The WBC mean values of 3.50±0.18 thousand/mm3 from negative control were lower than the positive control group (9.62±0.39 thousand/ mm3). Also, a higher value above the permissible level (11-19 %) was obtained in the haemoglobin estimation of the positive control (20.11%) than the negative control (11.50%). Values of the positive control and extract treated were higher than the negative control value while lower values were recorded in GSH and CAT in positive control and extract treated. Higher biochemical values were recorded in the positive control, and the extract administered except for albumin and protein. However, the injuries caused that manifested in the mice haematology, biochemical and liver disorders were significantly improved with the 200 – 2000 mg of extract concentrations.Conclusion: Leaf extract of Senna hirsuta proved the hepatoprotective activity of the employed extracts. The observation did by biochemical, hematological indices, and recovery improvement in liver function by histologic findings. Therefore, established that S. hirsuta ethanol leaf extract has hepatoprotective affinity over paracetamol-induced liver toxicity.
Introduction: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) is a significant pharmacological plant and regularly used in different parts of the world. The antibacterial activity of the methanol leaf extract of A. paniculata against bacterial consortia from blood of diabetic patients was evaluated in this study. Methods: The enumeration of bacteria from blood samples of diabetic patients and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern were done using standard techniques. The phytochemical analysis of A. paniculata methanol extract and antibacterial assay of the extract were also done using standard methods. Results: Staphylococcus aureus had the highest occurring rate of 19.56 % while Klebsiella pneumoniae had the lowest occurring rate of 0.40 %. The isolates exhibited different sensitivity patterns to conventional antibiotics. There were variations in the zones of inhibition of A. paniculata methanol extract against the bacterial isolates as extract showed concentration was dependent on antibacterial activity with all the bacterial isolates susceptible to the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) of the A. paniculata methanol extract ranged from 5 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (mg/ml) of the bacteria isolated from diabetic patients ranged from 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml. Conclusion: Findings revealed that the methanol leaf extract of A. paniculata very strong antibacterial activity for a wide range of bacteria from blood samples of diabetic patients and more reliable than commercially available antibiotics hence suggesting that leaves of A. paniculata can be used to develop novel antibacterial drugs.
Background The techniques of amplifying genetic materials have enabled the extensive study of several biological activities outside the biological milieu of living systems. More recently, this approach has been extended to amplify population of genes, from evolutionarily related gene family for detection and evaluation of microbial consortial with several unique potentialities (e.g., enzymatic degradability). Conceivably, primer mixtures containing substitutions of different bases at specific sites (degenerate primers) have enabled the amplification of these genes in PCR reaction. However, the degenerate primer design problem (DPD) is a constraint to designing this kind of primer. To date, different algorithms now exist to solve various versions of DPD problem, many of which, only few addresses and satisfy the criteria to design primers that can extensively cover high through-put sequences while striking the balance between specificity and efficiency. The highly degenerate primer (HYDEN) design software program primarily addresses this variant of DPD problem termed “maximum coverage-degenerate primer design (MC-DPD)” and its heuristics have been substantiated for optimal efficiency from significant successes in PCR. In spite of the premium presented for designing degenerate primers, literature search has indicated relatively little use of its heuristics. This has been thought to result from the complexity of the program since it is run only by command-line, hence limiting its accessibility. To solve this problem, researchers have optionally considered the manual design of degenerate primers or design through software programs that provides accessibility through a graphical user interface (GUI). Realizing this, we have attempted in this study to provide a user-friendly approach for researchers with little or no background in bioinformatics to design degenerate primers using HYDEN Results Virtual Tests of our designed degenerate primer pair through in silico PCR substantiated the correspondence between efficiency and coverage with the target sequences as pre-defined by the initial HYDEN output, thereby validating the potentials of HYDEN to effectively solve the MC-DPD problem. Additionally, the designed primer-pair mechanistically amplified all sequences used as a positive control with no amplification observed in the negative controls. Conclusion In this study, we provided a turnkey protocol to simplify the design of degenerate primers using the heuristics of the HYDEN software program.
IntroductionAs indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, Nigeria represented the most prominent region of malaria incidence in Africa cases (25 %) [1]. Five species of Plasmodium are recognized to cause human infections: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi [2,3]. Most fatalities (about 91 %) happen in Africa, and are a result of infection by P. falciparum. Be that as it may, malaria is as yet responsible for half a million deaths yearly and the case casualty of severe malaria stays high. Resistance among the parasites has developed to a few antimalarial medications; for instance, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most malarial endemic regions, and artemisinin
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.