Aging is a very complex process that is accompanied by a degenerative impairment in many of the major functions of the human body over time. This inevitable process is influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences such as xenobiotic pollution, infectious agents, UV radiation, diet-borne toxins, and so on. Many external and internal signs and symptoms are related with the aging process and senescence, including skin dryness and wrinkles, atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, etc. Oxidative stress, a consequence of the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, is one of the main provoking factors causing aging-related damages and concerns, due to the generation of highly reactive byproducts such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during the metabolism, which result in cellular damage and apoptosis. Antioxidants can prevent these processes and extend healthy longevity due to the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals or interrupt their propagation, thereby lowering the level of oxidative stress. This review focuses on supporting the antioxidant system of the organism by balancing the diet through the consumption of the necessary amount of natural ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential amino acids, probiotics, plants’ fibers, nutritional supplements, polyphenols, some phytoextracts, and drinking water.
Objective: The objective of this research was the development of cream with sapropel extract on the emulsifying base and the investigation of the possibility for cream samples to be in future applied in medicine, cosmetics, and veterinary.Methods: To carry out the research a set of methods (centrifugal, thermal, and potentiometric) to analyze colloidal and thermal stability and determine pH values of the tested samples were used. Organoleptic characteristics of the tested samples and possible signs of physical instability were studied. Rheological properties of the samples were determined on the rotating viscometer. The method of microscopic analysis was carried out to analyze the stability of the emulsion system.Results: The research outcomes revealed that all the prototype samples have thermal and colloid stability, neutral pH value, and consistency that depends on the content of the oil phase and the emulsifying mixture. The samples, containing 15% of Vaseline oil and 4% and 6% of emulsifier no. 1, have low viscosity indexes, and the sample with 10% of emulsifier has a rather dense consistency. The samples containing 20% of oil phase possess unsatisfactory organoleptic properties. Since the sample with 4% of emulsifier possessed low rates of viscosity and phase separation occurred during its storage.Microscopic studies have shown that the sample containing 6% of emulsifier no. 1 exhibits monodisperse and a uniform roundness of drops that indicates the stability of the system.Conclusion: The outcome of the research is the development of the composition of the cream with sapropel extract with the emulsifying base containing 15% of corn oil, 6% of emulsifier no. 1, and 1% of Cetostearyl alcohol and purified water.
The aim of the research was to substantiate the technological parameters of cream production with the sapropel extract and work out the technological scheme for its production. In this study, extract of sapropel from the Prybych deposit, emulsion base, containing corn oil, emulsifier No.1, cetylstearyl alcohol, nisin, euxyl K 100 and purified water were employed. To carry out the research, a set of methods to analyse colloidal and thermal stability was used. Rheological properties of the samples were determined. The method of microscopic analysis was carried out to analyse the stability of the emulsion system. It was proved experimentally that, when producing the cream, it is appropriate to use the phase inversion method, and the emulsification needs to be carried out at 5000 r/m for 20 min. Size and shape of the sample drops, obtained at 5000 r/m, were monodisperse and more uniform, most of which range from 2 to 3 microns that indicates the system stability. The following parameters of technological process were determined: mixing temperature conditions, speed of homogenisation and mixing time.
(histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine) and a number of nonessential ones (alanine, arginine, glycine, proline and serine). Alanine, glycine, leucine, and isoleucine prevail in the mixture analyzed.
Sapropel muds have a different chemical composition and provide the anti-inflammatorySapropel muds, which have a unique composition, effectively affect the functions of the whole organism and, especially the skin. They possess the anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic action, protect the skin from destructive effects of free radicals, give it elasticity, firmness and freshness. They also moisten the horny layer of the epidermis, and improve cellular regeneration [4].Cosmetic products on the basis of sapropel are presented by different forms, but the most often in the form of masks (37.10%) and the natural raw material (15.70%) [5]. Masks are products of an intensive effect, and it causes exactly the spread of masks among the preparations of sapropel considering the diversity of the chemical composition and the pharmacological and cosmetic effects. To provide masks with plasticity and better organoleptic properties (elimination of a specific soil odour, the presence of small particles, the residues of plant life), as well as to expand the range of sapropel masks with the various pharmacological action (lifting, anti-cellulite, antiseborrheic and anti-acne effect, etc.) it was proposed to use one of the products of sapropel -the sapropel paste for the base of masks.The sapropel paste is a paste-like product of the natural origin made of the lake sapropel, it contains biologically active substances, and the complex of macroand microelements [6].By appearance the sapropel paste is a homogenous pasty mass of a dark brown colour with pH -6.7, the moisture content -83%, and the content of organic substances -76.63% [6].However, the sapropel paste is a medium for development of microorganisms, including anaerobic ones. Therefore, the aim of our study was to substantiate experimentally the choice of an effective preservative in the composition of cosmetic masks with the sapropel paste to prevent microbiological contamination and ensure their stability. Materials and MethodsThe objects of the research were experimental samples of the sapropel paste taken from the Prybych deposit of the Volyn region: Sample 1 (paste of sapropel); Sample 2 (paste of sapropel, 0.1% of nizin); Sample 3 (paste of sapropel, 0.01% of nizin, 0.8% of germaben); Sample 4 (paste of sapropel, 0.01 of nizin, 0.1% of euxyl K 100).The experimental samples of the sapropel paste obtained from the sapropel powder (the dry anhydrous product obtained from the native (natural) sapropel) and water by the method of cavitation with the speed from 100 to 3500 rpm for 30 min at the temperature of 50°C. Then they were cooled to the temperature of 35-40°C, and the preservatives were added.For the sapropel paste the structural and mechanical (rheologic) parameters were determined according to the requirements of the SPhU (1.0, 2.2.10). The studies were carried out on a Brookfild HB DV-PRO ΙΙ rotatory viscometer (USA) using the adapter of the rotatory type with coaxial cylinders (the spindle SS4-21 for the chamber with the volume of 8.3 g) in the range of the gradient of t...
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