Aims Despite high vaccination rates, increasing case numbers continue to be reported with the identification of new variants of concern, and the issue of durability of the vaccine-induced immune response remains hot topic. Real-life data regarding time-dependent immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are scarce. We aimed to investigate the changes in the antibody at the different times after the second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine. Methods The study included 175 HCWs vaccinated with inactive CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, China) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in two doses. Anti-spike/RBD IgG levels were measured first, third, and sixth months after the second dose. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (IgG II Quant test, Abbott, USA), which is 100% compatible with plaque reduction neutralization test, was used. Results Mean age of the participants was 38 ± 11.23 years (range between 22 and 66) of whom 119 (63.9%) were female, and 56 (32%) were male. Dramatic reductions were demonstrated in median antibody levels particularly in the infection-naïve group, comprising 138 HCWs compared to those with prior history of COVID-19 infection ( n = 37) ( p < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, blood groups, BMI, and comorbid diseases. Conclusions While antibody positivity remained above 90% in the 6th month after two doses of inactivated vaccine in HCWs, the median titers of neutralizing antibodies decreased rapidly. The decrease was more rapid and significant in those with no history of prior COVID-19 infection. In this critical phase of the pandemic, where we are facing the dominance of the Omicron variant after Delta, booster doses have become vital.

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Özet: Bu araştırmada, geleneksel yöntem ile oyun yöntemi karşılaştırılarak tarih derslerinde oyun yöntemi kullanımının öğrencilerin erişişine ve öğrenmenin kalıcılığına etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 9. Sınıf "Tarih Bilimi", "Uygarlığın Doğuşu ve İlk Uygarlıklar" ve "İlk Türk Devletleri" üniteleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Samsun iline bağlı Havza Anadolu Lisesinin 9. sınıfında (9/C ve 9/D) öğrenim gören toplam 57 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada yarı deneysel yöntem kullanılmış, "ön testson test-kalıcılık testi kontrol gruplu model" uygulanmıştır. Öğretim süreci boyunca belirlenen üniteler kontrol grubunda geleneksel yöntemle deney grubunda ise oyun yöntemi kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre deney grubunda oyun yöntemi ile kazanılan bilgilerin kontrol grubunda geleneksel yöntemlerle kazanılan bilgilere göre erişi ve kalıcılık düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, oyun yöntemiyle tarih öğretiminin geleneksel yöntemden sadece erişi düzeyini değil, kalıcılık düzeyini de artırmak açısından daha etkili olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Abstract:The aim of this study is to determine the effect of history teaching with game method on students' achievement and retention level in comparison with traditional method. This study is limited with units of "The science of History" , "The Rise of Civilization and The First Civilizations" and "The First Turkish States" in 9th grade history curriculum. The research group of this study consists of 57 students who are attending 9th grade (9-C and 9-D) of Havza Anatolian High School in Samsun. In this research, quasi-experimental method was used by applying pre-test, post-test and retention test. During the teaching process, determined units are taught to the experimental group with educational games and to the * Bu çalışma, araştırmacılar tarafında geliştirilen oyunların kullanıldığı Okan Aydoğan tarafından yapılan "Oyunla Desteklenmiş Tarih Öğretiminin Öğrenci Erişisine ve Kalıcılığa Etkisi" başlıklı Yüksek Lisans tezinin bulgularına dayanarak hazırlanmıştır. 68control group with traditional method. According to the obtained findings, there is a significant difference between the points of achievement and retention level of the experimental group and the control group. As a result, it is evaluated that history teaching with game method is more effective than traditional method not only increasing the achievement level but also retention level of the students.

Objective: Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains have been recognized as important pathogens after decades of confusion regarding their microbiological classification and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to identify non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains and the prevalence of biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Method: In total, 126 non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients with bacteremia in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Blood cultures were analyzed with the Bactec-9120 system. Strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on a Mueller-Hinton agar and evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Biofilm formation was assessed with the Congo Red Agar method. Results: Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii were the most prevalent with 29 and 26 isolates, respectively. Biofilm production was detected in 62.06% (18/29) of C. striatum, in 53.8% (14/26) of C. matruchotii, in 50% (9/18) of Corynebacterium afermentans, 50% (6/12) of Corynebacterium amycolatum, and in 46% (7/15) of Corynebacterium jeikeium strains. Among the five most prevalent strains, we found a high biofilm rate of 54%. The resistance rates to penicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were 91.2%, 87.3%, 79.3%, 56.3%, 45.2%, and 39.6%, respectively. All 126 strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with bacteremia may have multidrug resistance and the ability to produce biofilm. These results emphasize the importance of identifying strains and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production potential.