Waning immunity to inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthcare workers: booster required

Balkan, İ̇lker İnanç; Dinç, Harika Öykü; Can, Günay; Karaali, Rıdvan; Özbey, Doğukan; Caglar, Bilge; Beytur, Ayşe Nur; Keskin, Elif; Budak, Beyhan; Aydoğan, Okan; Mete, Bilgül; Erǧin, Sevgi; Kocazeybek, Bekir; Saltoğlu, Neşe

doi:10.1007/s11845-022-02984-1

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In another study, a decrease in antibody titers was observed 3 months after the CoronaVac vaccine. Similar to our study, this decrease was more rapid and significant in those with no previous history of COVID-19 infection 14,15 . In a study of 850 vaccinated participants in Hong Kong, it was reported that the median antibody titers in the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine group remained above the threshold for 6 months, while the median antibody titers in the CoronaVac vaccine group dropped significantly after 2 months 16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation and follow-up of antibody formation after CoronaVac vaccine

Çalışır

Çöplü

Yaşar-Duman

et al. 2022

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to monitor the time-dependent change by evaluating the antibody levels at the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th weeks after the second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine. METHODS: The study group (n=65) were between 21 and 60 years old and received two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine. Blood samples were collected after 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th weeks of the second dose of the vaccine administration. There was a coronavirus disease 2019 recovered group (n=29) who were SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test result positive before the vaccination period, and no coronavirus disease 2019 history group (n=36). Age, BMI, gender, smoking, comorbidity, coronavirus disease 2019 contact history, and working in the coronavirus disease 2019 service history of the individuals were recorded. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the descriptive findings of the individuals according to coronavirus disease 2019 recovered group and no coronavirus disease 2019 history group. It was observed that antibody levels in the coronavirus disease 2019 recovered group were found to be higher for each period of serum collection compared to the no coronavirus disease 2019 history group, which were statistically significant. The distribution curves of the antibody levels according to the timing of blood collection in coronavirus disease 2019 recovered group, no coronavirus disease 2019 history group, and total subjects were extrapolated, and it was observed that the estimated time for the antibodies to reach the threshold value of the test was 214, 145, and 166 days after vaccination. CONCLUSION: It is important to make booster doses, as the CoronaVac vaccine will lose its effect after the fifth month due to the decrease in Ab levels. In addition, since the antibody levels decrease later in those who have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and are vaccinated, individuals who have no previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 should be given priority for vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation and follow-up of antibody formation after CoronaVac vaccine

Çalışır

Çöplü

Yaşar-Duman

et al. 2022

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…Our analysis consistently con rmed a high VE at preventing hospitalizations and deaths, at comparable levels across all vaccines, regardless of VOC (excluding Omicron). Numerous reports of waning antibody levels [48][49][50] have driven the implementation of booster doses in many countries, based primarily on the associated waning of protection against mild infections, manifesting as breakthrough cases in vaccinated individuals [51,52]. Importantly, despite declining antibody levels, we found high and sustained VE against hospitalizations and deaths for AZD1222 and mRNA-based vaccines up to 140 days, with limited waning observed when data enabled informed assessments (Figure 4).…”

Section: Insights On Waning Of Ve or Duration Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2

Chuenkitmongkol¹,

Solante

Burhan

et al. 2022

Expert Review of Vaccines

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IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines have been highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. While primary series vaccination rates are generally high in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries, various factors have limited the rollout and impact of booster doses. Areas coveredWe reviewed 79 studies in the publicly available International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) VIEW-hub platform on vaccine effectiveness (VE) after primary immunizations with two-dose schedules. VE data were reported for SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths, and strati ed across variants of concern (VOC), age, study design and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection for mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and combinations of both), vector vaccines (AstraZeneca, AZD1222 "Vaxzevria") and inactivated virus vaccines (CoronaVac). Expert opinionThe most-studied COVID-19 vaccines provide consistently high (>90%) protection against serious clinical outcomes like hospitalizations and deaths, regardless of variant. Additionally, this protection appears equivalent for mRNA vaccines and vector vaccines like AZD1222, as supported by our analysis of local Asian and relevant international data, and by insights from SEA experts. Given the continued impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths on healthcare systems worldwide, encouraging vaccination strategies that can reduce this burden is more relevant than attempting to prevent broader but milder infections with speci c variants, including Omicron. Article highlights-VE was high and comparable for both AZD1222 and mRNA vaccine types (91%-93%) in protecting against hospitalization and death from COVID-19, regardless of age.-VE against symptomatic infections trended higher (though not signi cantly) for mRNA-based vaccines compared to AZD1222.-Waning of VE since time of vaccination was observed for symptomatic infections but was limited for serious COVID-19 outcomes. A sub-analysis of studies with comparative arms evaluating the VE of different vaccines in the same settings also con rmed these observations for all VOC assessed, with all vaccines conferring a high level of protection against serious outcomes.-For Omicron, there is limited comparative data within the IVAC dataset, however, expert review of emerging data suggests that VE against all outcomes is lower for all COVID-19 vaccines, than for the Delta variant.-Data from the UK indicate that VE improves with a booster dose and that VE continues to be very similar, irrespective of the type of vaccine used.-Importantly, all COVID-19 vaccines evaluated here have favorable bene t/risk pro les.-Although many SEA countries have high rates of primary vaccination, there are still challenges to achieving high booster dose coverage. The results of this analysis suggest that the most effective way to achieve vaccine booster targets, particularly in resource-limited settings, would simply be to consider any vaccines which have good safety and comparable effectiveness pro les, particularly against severe outcomes, and that are accessi...

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“…After title and abstract screening, we retrieved 193 full‐text reports for further review. Finally, 11 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 articles met our inclusion criteria. All included studies were of high quality (NOS > 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Jiang

Lin

et al. 2022

Influenza Resp Viruses

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COVID‐19 vaccine is critical in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and transmission. However, obesity's effect on immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccines is still unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis of the literature and compared antibody responses with COVID‐19 vaccines among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all related studies up to April 2022. The Stata.14 software was used to analyze the selected data. Eleven studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Five of them provided absolute values of antibody titers in the obese group and non‐obese group. Overall, we found that the obese population was significantly associated with lower antibody titers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.228, 95% CI [−0.437, −0.019], P < 0.001) after COVID‐19 vaccination. Significant heterogeneity was present in most pooled analyses but was reduced after subgroup analyses. No publication bias was observed in the present analysis. The Trim and Fill method did not change the results in the primary analysis. The present meta‐analysis suggested that obesity was significantly associated with decreased antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. Future studies should be performed to unravel the mechanism of response to the COVID‐19 vaccine in obese individuals.

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Waning immunity to inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthcare workers: booster required

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation and follow-up of antibody formation after CoronaVac vaccine

Evaluation and follow-up of antibody formation after CoronaVac vaccine

Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2

Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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