Field experiments were conducted on wheat to study the effects of foliar-applied iodine(I) alone, Zn (zinc) alone, and a micronutrient cocktail solution containing I, Zn, Se (selenium), and Fe (iron) on grain yield and grain concentrations of micronutrients. Plants were grown over 2 years in China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, and Turkey. Grain-Zn was increased from 28.6 mg kg −1 to 46.0 mg −1 kg with Zn-spray and 47.1 mg −1 kg with micronutrient cocktail spray. Foliar-applied I and micronutrient cocktail increased grain I from 24 μg kg −1 to 361 μg kg −1 and 249 μg kg −1 , respectively. Micronutrient cocktail also increased grain-Se from 90 μg kg −1 to 338 μg kg −1 in all countries. Average increase in grain-Fe by micronutrient cocktail solution was about 12%. The results obtained demonstrated that foliar application of a cocktail micronutrient solution represents an effective strategy to biofortify wheat simultaneously with Zn, I, Se and partly with Fe without yield trade-off in wheat.
This study aimed to assess oil yield components and their interrelationships of spring safflower lines and varieties by using different statistical techniques to increase the oil yield in safflower breeding program. Field experiments were conducted at the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir, Turkey during 2014, 2015 and 2016. Correlation, simple linear regression, stepwise multiple regression, path, principal component and cluster analyze were used to investigate the relationships between oil yield and some components in spring safflower. The results revealed that characters affecting oil yield, which is important to determine selection criteria in plant breeding, vary according to statistical methods. Therefore, to obtain reliable result, it is essential to use multivariate statistical methods for scanning significant characters in studied material. According to the numbers of common characters determined in different statistical analyzes; oil content, seed weight, seed yield and number of head per plant would be important selection criteria for improved oil yield in the breeding material studied. The lines and varieties may be used in hybridization program and their hybrids may yield more transgressive sergeants for these characters for oil yield improvement.
A total of 15 patients (5 males, 10 females) with multiple myeloma and light-chain disease were encountered in Dhahran Health Center during a 6-year period since November 1979. Patients' ages ranged from 45 to 82. Frequency of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and light-chain secreting tumors in the group were similar to those in larger series. Based on the pretreatment clinical data, 14 of 15 patients (93%) had advanced tumor burden (clinical stage III) and 9 out of 15 (60%) were classified as being poor risk. This is quite different from the experience of Western centers. With comparable treatment and with a mean follow-up duration of 28 months, the median survival has not yet been reached at 13 months, and is expected to be 17 months for the whole group. Actuarial survival for high tumor burden or poor-risk patient subgroups was 16 and 12 months, respectively, comparable to Western experience. These results indicate that a higher proportion of myeloma patients in Saudi Arabia tend to present in an advanced clinical stage, and the course and outcome of the disease is appropriate for and predictable by the stage at presentation.
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