This study aimed to assess oil yield components and their interrelationships of spring safflower lines and varieties by using different statistical techniques to increase the oil yield in safflower breeding program. Field experiments were conducted at the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir, Turkey during 2014, 2015 and 2016. Correlation, simple linear regression, stepwise multiple regression, path, principal component and cluster analyze were used to investigate the relationships between oil yield and some components in spring safflower. The results revealed that characters affecting oil yield, which is important to determine selection criteria in plant breeding, vary according to statistical methods. Therefore, to obtain reliable result, it is essential to use multivariate statistical methods for scanning significant characters in studied material. According to the numbers of common characters determined in different statistical analyzes; oil content, seed weight, seed yield and number of head per plant would be important selection criteria for improved oil yield in the breeding material studied. The lines and varieties may be used in hybridization program and their hybrids may yield more transgressive sergeants for these characters for oil yield improvement.
As the sole plant source of many potent alkaloids, opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal crop. Nevertheless, few studies have characterized opium poppy germplasm with cropspecific molecular markers. Because Turkey is a diversity center for opium poppy, Turkish germplasm is a valuable genetic resource for association mapping studies aimed at identifying QTLs controlling morphine content and agronomic traits. In this study, the morphological diversity and molecular diversity of 103 Turkish opium poppy landraces and 15 cultivars were analyzed. Potentially useful morphological variation was observed for morphine content, plant height, and capsule index. However, the landraces exhibited limited breeding potential for stigma number, and seed and straw yields. Both morphological and molecular analyses showed distinct clustering of cultivars and landraces. In addition, a total of 164 SSR and 367 AFLP polymorphic loci were applied to an opium poppy association mapping panel composed of 95 opium poppy landraces which were grown for two seasons. One SSR and three AFLP loci were found to be significantly associated with morphine content (P \ 0.01 and LD value (r 2 ) = 0.10-0.32), and six SSR and 14 AFLP loci were significantly associated with five agronomic traits (plant height, stigma number, capsule index, and seed and straw yields) (P \ 0.01 and LD value (r 2 ) = 0.08-0.35). This is the first report of association mapping in this crop. The identified markers provide initial information for marker-assisted selection of important traits in opium poppy breeding.
This research, having F1 hybrids from 6 female lines and 4 male testers, was conducted in order to design to assess the combining ability, to determine the nature and magnitude of gene action, hybrid vigor for yield and related traits and to detect the appropriate crosses for breeding program in safflower. Parents used in the study were developed at the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute (TZARI). In the first year of this research, lines and testers were crossed in all the possible combinations using line x tester mating design. The hybrid population was evaluated in a replicated field trial in Eskisehir, Turkey. According to the results, the specific combining ability (SCA) effects were determined higher than general combining ability effects (GCA) in terms of traits studied. As a result, low ratios of 2 GCA/ 2 SCA, (2 D/ 2 A) 1/2 implied that nonadditive effects controlled the traits studied. Existing non-additive gene action in the population, the selection in the advanced generations like F4 or F5 might be effective for improving the high seed and oil yield safflower genotypes
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of autumn and spring sowing and row spacings (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm) on yield, yield components and crude oil percentage of mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) at eight locations lying in different ecological zones (Ankara,
Mustard is grown in mild winter regions as late fall and in hard winter regions as late spring crop. Mustard has high degree of adaptability under wide range of climatic conditions in Turkey. Temperature is an important weather parameter affecting the growth and development of the mustard. The sum growing degree day (GDD) for a growing season is related to plant development which is depends on the accumulation of heat. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation of mustard, under sowing seasons (spring and fall sowing) and locations in terms of crop growth (emergence, 50% flowering, physiological maturity, and sum growing degree days) and seed yield of mustard. Two-year field experiments in a split-plot design with four replications were carried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 growing seasons at eight different ecological locations. These locations included Ankara,
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