A lack of communication, support, and information from parents on sexual issues are involved an inability to prevent or intervene in the sexual activity of adolescents. This study aimed to determine the effect of adolescent reproductive health education on premarital sexual behavior in Palembang, Indonesia. This study was an experimental design with pre and post-intervention. The 192 students were obtained based on the criteria of samples required. The result of bivariate analysis between the Chi-Square confounding variable and premarital sexual behavior after the intervention shows that there is a significant relationship between knowledge about sex, reproductive health, and attitudes with premarital sexual behavior. There is a significant relationship between control behavior and sexual behavior after performing the intervention (p= 0.00). The result of multivariate shows that there is a dominant variable that is the variable of knowledge about reproductive health (p= 0.00). This study suggested that information about adolescent reproductive health should be included in the curriculum, especially in Biology class.
Focal adhesion molecules involve in cellular migration, attachment, and play a role in endometriosis pathomechanisms. Recent studies showed that the expression of RAC1, a gene encoded focal adhesion molecule, was predominantly found in endometriosis. As gene expression may be regulated by DNA methylation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze promoter methylation level of RAC1 gene and mRNA expression in endometrial and peritoneal endometriosis tissues. This study using 20 endometrial and 9 peritoneal tissues from the same patients and 20 normal endometrial. The DNA and RNA from samples were isolated, DNA was converted using sodium bisulfite and amplified using Methyl Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP) method. The methylation level was determined by the intensity measurement of the bands that arose in gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software, whereas mRNA expression level was measured by Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The mRNA expression level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis increased compared to normal endometrium, as well as compared to endometrial endometriosis, but there was no significant difference in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal. Promoter hypermethylation level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis was significantly different compared to normal endometrium, however not significant to endometrial endometriosis. Methylation level of its gene in endometrial endometriosis shown no significant difference compared to normal. There was association between promoter hypermethylation level and its mRNA expression in endometrial endometriosis (R= 0.014; p=0.952). The elevation of mRNA expression of RAC1 gene plays a role in endometrial cell migration to peritoneum, and associated with promoter hypermethylation level of its gene.
Transient Receptor Ankyrin Member 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel family protein that regulates pain sensation through sensory neurons' activity. This study's purpose to analyzes the DNA methylation and mRNA expression level of the TRPA1 gene in endometriosis and its correlation with pain level. Twenty samples of peritoneal endometriosis and endometrial samples were obtained from women with endometriosis, which was subsequently compared to 20 endometrial samples of women without endometriosis. The DNA methylation level of TRPA1 was analyzed using Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and ImageJ software, while the mRNA expression of TRPA1 was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the pain level was measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS) by interviewing all the women. This study showed that there was a significant difference in the mRNA expression of TRPA1 in peritoneal endometriosis. The TRPA1 was unmethylated in both peritoneal and endometrial samples in endometriosis. However, DNA Methylation level of TRPA1 in peritoneal and endometrial of endometriosis compared to normal endometrial were no significant difference. Additionally, there was no correlation between DNA methylation level and mRNA expression level of TRPA1 in all samples, along with the endometriosis-associated pain.
Latar Belakang: Asam nukleat mengandung materi genetik dan berfungsi untuk mengatur perkembangan biologis seluruh bentuk kehidupan secara seluler. Asam nukleat yang paling umum adalah Asam deoksiribonukleat (ADN) dan Asam ribonukleat (ARN). Untuk mengeluarkan ARN dari dalam intisel maka diperlukan suatu teknik isolasi. Suatu ekstraksi asam nukleat dikatakan baik jika dari prosedur yang dilakukan bisa didapatkan asam nukleat yang murni dan utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kemurnian ekstrak asam nukleat dari sampel darah menstruasi menggunakan teknik isolasi asam nukleat. Metode: Sampel darah menstruasi dikumpulkan dengan cara ditampung pada kertas saring yang di desain khusus. Sampel akan diekstraksi menggunakan Quick-ARN Miniprep Plus Kit R1058 Zymo Research untuk isolasi ARN, selanjutnya diukur tingkat kemurnian dengan menggunakan alat nanodrop berdasarkan prinsip spektrofotometri. Data diolah secara statistic dengan menggunakan analisis deskripsi dalam disajikan dalam bentu distribusi frekuensi dan nilai rerata. Hasil: pada penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa rerata tangka kemurnian ARN sampel darah menstruasi yang ditampung pada kertas saring pada Panjang gelombang A260 / A280 adalah 2,07, dan Panjang gelombang A260 / A230 adalah 2,1. Kesimpulan: Isolasi ARN pada sampel darah menstruasi yang ditampung di kertas saring memiliki tingkat kemurnian yang optimal.
It has been known that the EGFR have the role for regulation the cytoskeleton activity and its expression increased in endometriosis tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA methylation of the EGFR gene that might cause the alteration of its mRNA expression in peritoneal endometriosis tissue. Samples were peritoneal endometriosis tissue from 20 endometriosis patients and 20 female of non-endometriosis patients. The DNA methylation of the EGFR gene was analyzed by the method of Methylation Specific PCR and ImageJ software, while its expression of mRNA were analyzed by the method of qRT-PCR. The DNA methylation in the EGFR gene in peritoneal endometriosis tissues increased compared to normal endometrial tissues (peritoneal endometriosis tissue = 56%, normal endometriosis tissue = 19%). The expression of mRNA EGFR gene in endometriosis peritoneal tissues was 1.341 fold increased relative to normal endometrium. There is no significant correlation between the DNA methylation with expression of mRNA EGFR (p = 0.947 and r = -0.016). Increasing of EGFR mRNA expression in endometriosis tissue that was not caused by alteration of its DNA methylation, have to play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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