Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic disorder and is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of a reproductive age. The prevalence of PCOS is growing globally; 52% of women in Southeast Asia alone suffer from this disorder. This disorder is caused by chronic hyperandrogenism, which hinders folliculogenesis. There is also a close relationship between hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance (IR), and it is estimated that 40–80% of PCOS patients suffer from insulin resistance (IR). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretomes have been shown to alleviate PCOS symptoms by decreasing IR and androgen secretion by reducing inflammation. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to study the reported potential of MSCs and their secretomes in decreasing inflammation markers in PCOS treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), and the Cochrane Library with the terms insulin-resistant PCOS, mesenchymal stem cells, and secretome or conditioned medium as the search keywords. A total of 317 articles were reviewed. Four articles were identified as relevant for this systematic review. Results: The results of this study supported the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretions in decreasing inflammatory markers in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions: This review provided evidence that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and their secretomes has the potential to treat PCOS due to its ability to downregulate androgen levels and increase insulin sensitivity, which thereby lowers the level of proinflammatory factors.
Takengon is the capital of Central Aceh district located in Aceh highland. The geographical location of Takengon in the highlands certainly distinguishes the climate in this city from the cities in the lowlands and the coast in Aceh. This condition certainly affects the architecture in Takengon. The housing owned by the people is certainly constructed in such a way as to be responsive to climatic conditions in this city. Besides, housing is likely influenced by the customs and culture of the local people as well. This study aims to examine to what extent umah pitu ruang, which is the traditional architecture of the Gayonese, influences the modern housing architecture that exists today. Based on this study, the influence of umah pitu ruang as a traditional Gayonese house on the housing of modern society is almost no longer exist in terms of spatial arrangements and ornaments. This makes the values in the Gayonese traditional architecture could disappear over time.
Focal adhesion molecules involve in cellular migration, attachment, and play a role in endometriosis pathomechanisms. Recent studies showed that the expression of RAC1, a gene encoded focal adhesion molecule, was predominantly found in endometriosis. As gene expression may be regulated by DNA methylation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze promoter methylation level of RAC1 gene and mRNA expression in endometrial and peritoneal endometriosis tissues. This study using 20 endometrial and 9 peritoneal tissues from the same patients and 20 normal endometrial. The DNA and RNA from samples were isolated, DNA was converted using sodium bisulfite and amplified using Methyl Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP) method. The methylation level was determined by the intensity measurement of the bands that arose in gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software, whereas mRNA expression level was measured by Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The mRNA expression level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis increased compared to normal endometrium, as well as compared to endometrial endometriosis, but there was no significant difference in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal. Promoter hypermethylation level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis was significantly different compared to normal endometrium, however not significant to endometrial endometriosis. Methylation level of its gene in endometrial endometriosis shown no significant difference compared to normal. There was association between promoter hypermethylation level and its mRNA expression in endometrial endometriosis (R= 0.014; p=0.952). The elevation of mRNA expression of RAC1 gene plays a role in endometrial cell migration to peritoneum, and associated with promoter hypermethylation level of its gene.
This paper discusses how to adapt the concept of space from Umah Pitu Ruang in the past to modern Gayo houses today, especially to deal with the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic case. At the same time, it brings the environmental adaptation of the houses. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by collecting literature, observation and interviews. The data collected through literature, observation, and interviews will then be analyzed and then described what is found in Umah Pitu Ruang, a modern house, and what the implications are for a healthy home. Although physically, Umah Pitu Ruang is difficult to re-apply nowadays, but some of the spatial concepts of Umah Pitu Ruang can still be adapted for today, including during the COVID-19 pandemic through a sharper perspective. The architecture of the past can provide lessons through local wisdom, one of which is culture. In this discussion we can conclude that the culture that exists in Umah Pitu Ruang can be adapted to the present with a contemporary approach.
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