Background: Myocardial ischemia is associated with myocardial damage and necrosis. The pathogenesis of myocardial damage includes increased oxidative stress and diminished antioxidant defense. Aim: To assess levels of oxidative stress and scavenger enzyme system in experimental model of ischemia. Study design: This was a randomized experimental study. Place and duration: King Edward Medical University and University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore for six months. Methodology: Thirty male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Control--group: animals got normal saline 1ml per oral for 14 days. ISO--group: animals got normal saline 1ml per oral for 14 days. CA+ISO--group: animals got citric acid 500 mg/kg body weight per oral for 14 days. Myocardial infarction was induced on 15th day in CA-group and CA+ISO-group by two doses of isoproterenol, administered subcutaneously at the interval of 24 hours. (isoproterenol dose= 85mg/kg body weight). To measure cTn-I (serum cardiac troponin I), tissue SOD (Super -oxide dismutase), CAT(catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase), MDA (Malondialdehyde) and GSH (total reduced glutathione) animal serum was obtained from blood sample. SPSS was utilized to analyze the data. Quantitative data was shown as mean ± standard-deviation. One way analysis of variance and multiple comparison test LSD was applied. p value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: ISO--group showed significant decline in the level of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GSH as compare to control—group. ISO-group showed significant rise in the level of cTn-I and MDA. CA-group showed significantly recovery in SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GSH levels in comparison to ISO-group. CA-group also showed significant decline in levels of cTn-I and MDA. Practical implication :Consumption of citric acid or diet rich in citric acid enhances the scavenger enzymes capability thus protects from acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion: It is concluded that citric acid possess strong anti-oxidant potential. It improves the anti-oxidant capability of myocardium in term of GSH content and level of scavenger enzymes in ischemic myocardium that help myocardium to battle against free radical injury and survive during ischemic condition. Keywords: Antioxidant, citric acid, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on proteinuria in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Chinese population. Materials and Methods: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental study design and the duration of this study was from December 2021 to June 2022. This study was conducted in the Department of medicine, in DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. Totally 30 patients who were suffering from type 2 diabetic mellitus disease were enrolled. Vitamin D levels Proteinuria, HbA1c and FBS level was evaluated. Oral Vitamin D 50,000 IU weekly dose was given to Patients with Vit D deficiency for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 week the Vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c and Albumin level was evaluated again. All the demographic details and study results were recorded on a predesigned data collection proforma. Results: Out of total 30 patients, 11 were male and 19 were female with mean age of 34.73±9.14 years. The most common age group was 41-50 years in which 36.7%, followed by age group of 31-40 years in which 33.3% and 30.0% patients were in age group of 41-50 years. The statistical difference between Pre-intervention and post-intervention was calculated, and p-value was significant. In our study the Vit D level increases while proteinuria decreases. Practical Implication: In diabetic patients its deficiency lead to a number of serious condition such as ischemic heart disease, CKD and Diabetic nephropathy. Vit D play its role in the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. It also have a protective role in the renal by preventing of glomerulosclerosis and anti-proteinuric effect. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is helpful in increasing Vit D level in T2DM patients. And also helpful in decreasing proteinuria. This means that correction of Vit D level can decrease proteinuria. Keywords: Vitamin D, Proteinuria, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Albumin Level, Proteinuria, Threatening Disorder.
Article Info Background: The vaccination status of HCWs working in Pakistani hospitals against the hepatitis B virus is poorly known. This study aims to assess the vaccination status of hepatitis B among HCWs in Allied Hospital of Faisalabad. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. Two groups of HCWs were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of doctors and nurses at different wards of the hospital, and group 2 included final year undergraduate and nursing students. A predesigned form was administered to record information regarding their demographic characteristics and history of vaccination. Next, about 5ml of blood was taken from each participant to check HBsAg. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS V16.0 by descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. Results: From total 300 HCWs, 222 (74%) HCWs were female and 78 (26%) of them were male. The age of the participants was between 20-25. In addition, 135 (45%) HCWs were fully vaccinated, 36 (12%) HCWs were partially vaccinated, and 129 (43%) HCWs were never vaccinated against hepatitis B. 59.7% of vaccination cases were found in doctors followed by 49.2% and 26.9% in students and nurses, respectively. The major reason for not being vaccinated was lack of time in 93 (63.7%) HCWs. Conclusion: Despite existing recommendations and higher prevalence rates of hepatitis B in high-risk groups, about 40% of the HCWs were not vaccinated either due to unawareness or carelessness.
Background: Obesity is a global health problem. The chances of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis are increased due to obesity. Objective: (1) To determine effects of high doses of atorvastatin on body weight, liver weight and liver/body weight ratio in albino rabbits. (2) To compare the effect of three increasing doses of ethanolic extract of Raphanus sativus leaf with high doses of atorvastatin on body weight, liver weight and liver/body weight ratio in albino rabbits. Study Design: Experimental study.
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