OBJECTIVES: Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves are commonly used to report time-toevent outcomes like overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. For studies not explicitly reporting hazard ratio (HR) and confidence intervals (CI), KM curves can be utilised to estimate these summary statistics for conducting a meta-analysis. Here, we validate the method proposed by Parmar and colleagues for estimating HR (95%CI) by reading the KM curves. METHODS: Ten randomised controlled trials reporting HR (95%CI) and the associated KM curve for OS were randomly A459

The aim – to study the phenolic complex of a thick hydroalcoholic extract of the feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) herb (FTHAE), its antiradical activity and anti-inflammatory properties in a model of carrageenan and histamine oedema. Materials and methods. The studied extract was obtained from the Tanacetum parthenium herb, collected in Sumy and Poltava regions of Ukraine during the period of mass flowering (June-August): degree of grinding of raw materials 2.0-3.0 mm, extraction temperature - 25 °C, extractant – 70 % ethanol, raw material/extractant ratio – 1:12, infusion time – 12 hours, multiplicity of extractions – 3. HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the composition and amount of phenolic compounds of FTHAE. HPLC analysis was performed using a “Waters e2695 Alliance system” (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) with a photodiode array detector “Waters 2998” according to the HPLC–PDA method for phenolic compounds. The scavenging of ABTSA radical cation evaluated the radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of FTHAE were studied on carrageenan and histamine paw oedema in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity (AIA) was evaluated as the ability to reduce oedema compared to the control pathology. FTHAE was used at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The results. The content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in the obtained extract was determined by spectrophotometry, which was 13.92±0.02 % and the content of the sum of flavonoids – 5.16±0.03 %. The content of 12 compounds with a total amount of 72432.09µg/g was identified and determined by HPLC. The dominant compounds were hydroxycinnamic acids, namely 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic and сhlorogenic acids. The antiradical activity of the extract was 620.19±4.53µmol/g. On the model of carrageenan oedema, the maximum effect of oedema suppression was 71.0-73.2 %. In the model of histamine oedema, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was 57.8; 51.8; and 49.1 % for 30 minutes, 1 and 1.5 hours of oedema, respectively. The severity of the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract during the first hour is not inferior to the diclofenac sodium, quercetin and loratadine. Conclusions. Due to the HPLC method, 12 compounds were determined to cause antiradical activity, among which chlorogenic acid and rutin were identified. The studied extract has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, which is due to the antiradical properties of the extract and its inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators

The aim: to study the antioxidant and anticytolytic activity of the parsnip herb thick extract (PHTE) in conditions of catecholamine myocardial dystrophy in rats. Materials and methods. Catecholamine myocardial dystrophy was reproduced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.18 % adrenaline hydrochloride solution at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (0.28 ml/kg) of body weight. The experiment used 36 white male rats with an initial weight of 220–250 g, 4–4.5 months of age. The tested drugs were PHTE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and the reference drug (RD) “Tricardin” were administered intragastrically in a therapeutic and prophylactic regimen for 7 days, the last time on the day of the experiment 1 hour before the administration of cardiotoxin. The activity of the studied agents was assessed by the survival rate of the animals, the functional state of the myocardium (ECG studies), by the effect on the heart mass ratio (HMR), the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), the level of active products interacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) and the content of reduced glutathione (RG) in the heart homogenate. Results. The study of the effect of PHTE on the lipid peroxidation / antioxidant protection (LPO / AOP) system showed that a pronounced antioxidant effect of the tool was found at a dose of 200 mg/kg: there was an increase in VG at the trend level (0.05<p<0.10) and a significant decrease (p<0.05) the content of TBK-AP in 1.85 times compared with the group of positive control (PC). A similar effect was found in the comparison drug “Tricardin”. PHTE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was less influential. The use of PHTE in both doses and the comparison drug “Tricardin” reduced the severity of cytolytic processes: the activity of the enzyme AST – a marker of cardiocytolysis, was lower than in the PC group. PHTE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg contributed to a certain normalization of some ECG parameters compared to PC: a slight insignificant decrease in heart rate and a significant decrease (p<0.05), QT interval, systolic index (SI) and decreased ischemia marker – ST segment displacement. The comparison drug "Tricardin" showed a similar effect to PHTE on the functional state of the myocardium in adrenaline intoxication. Conclusions. Parsnip herb thick extract exhibits antioxidant and anticytolytic activity, improves the functional state of the myocardium, prevents a decrease in the severity of alterative processes in the organ under conditions of adrenaline myocardial dystrophy

ВПЛИВ ЕКСТРАКТУ ЛИСТЯ ПЕРСИКА НА СТАН МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТА ПРООКСИДАНТНО/АНТИОКСИДАНТНИЙ БАЛАНС ЩУРІВ В УМОВАХ ХРОНІЧ-НОГО ІММОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ

The aim. To study the cerebroprotective activity of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid the compound KGM-5 on the effect on survival and behavioural responses, cognitive impairment and neurological deficits in rats with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and methods. Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) was simulated in rats by irreversible unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) under anesthesia with sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, IP). Five groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), a group of animals with ACVA, which were not treated (control pathology, CP, n=13); group of animals with ACVA, which were treated for 5 days after surgery (first injection 30 min before surgery) with the compound KGM-5 (ACVA+KGM-5, n=14) at a conditionally effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight of animals, a group of animals with ACVA (ACVA+CD “Picamilon”, n=13), who received IP for 5 days, the comparison drug (CD) “Picamilon” at a dose of 17 mg/kg and pseudo-operated animals (POA), n=8), which were operated without ligation of the carotid artery, which allows to level the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the studied indicators. The cerebroprotective effect of the studied agents was assessed by an integral criterion – survival of animals (throughout the experiment), indicators of neurological deficit (24, 48, 72, 94 hours after ACVA modelling), the state of cognitive functions in the test of extrapolation escape test (EET) (72 hours after ACVA modelling) Results. The KGM-5 compound contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of neurological deficit, as evidenced by significant differences in this indicator compared with CP, respectively, the first (0.5 points vs. 1.25 points, p<0.05), the third (0.0 points against 1.0 point, p<0.05) and the fourth day (0.0 points vs. 0.5 points, p<0.05) after OCO. Under the influence of CD “Picamilon” reduction of neurological deficit compared with CP was observed on the first, third and fourth days, but these differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Both studied agents - the compound KGM-5 and CD “Picamilon” contributed to the improvement of cognitive functions of rats with ACVA, as evidenced by a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the latent period of diving in the EET, respectively, 1.8 and 1.7 times compared with CP and did not show a significant effect on animal survival. Conclusion. The cerebroprotective activity of a new 4-aminobutanoic acid derivative in the conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident in rats was established in terms of the ability to reduce the severity of neurological deficits and improve cognitive functions in the extrapolation escape test. The severity of cerebroprotective activity of the new compound is not inferior to GABA-ergic drug “Picamilon”.

The economic security of the company is the state of protection of the vital interests of the enterprise from the impact of internal and external destabilizing factors and threats, the emerging management and collective enterprise through the effective use of its resources, as well as the implementation of measures of economic, legal, organizational, technical, technological and social nature. -psychic directed and stable functioning of the enterprise both in the current and in the long term. Digitalization is bringing changes to the country’s economy. The volume of services, the use of labor, investment in physical and human capital, technologies and their diffusion, the use of trade services, including financial, legal, managerial, informational and consulting, and is reflected in production efficiency, labor productivity and competitiveness, culture, lifestyle and system of values. The presented risks and threats to the security of an enterprise in a digital economy emphasize the need to improve the electronic security system. At the same time, the features of the process of ensuring electronic safety in the context of digital development lie in the development and use of tools for identifying and assessing risks, indicators and indicators of the level of economic security, providing subsystems, including information, technological, personnel, investment, regulatory and legal components.

The role of the pharmacists in providing information on cases of adverse reactions (ARs) and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs in the Pharmacovigilance (PhV) Department of Ukraine is very important. Objective: Assessment of the level of pharmacists' awareness about regulatory documents (RDs) regulating their duties to provide information about ARs and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs and their activity in this area. The questionnaire for pharmacists was developed and used, the first seven questions of which were aimed at identifying pharmacists' awareness of their duties to provide information to the Department of PhV at the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine about ARs and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs and their activity in filling the «Cards-message». Questioning of 70 pharmacists with different work experience (WE): 1‒5 years (12%), 5‒10 years (31%) and 10‒25 years (57%) was conducted. 50% of pharmacists with 1‒5 years WE, 64% of pharmacists with 5‒10 years WE and 75% of pharmacists with 10‒25 years WE know about obligation to provide information about ARs and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs. Only 9% of pharmacists with 5‒10 years WE independently filled and sent the «Card-message» to the department of PhV, in most cases pharmacists give the filled form to the head of the pharmacy. Regardless of WE duration, the majority of pharmacists are aware the information about their responsibilities to provide reports about ARs and/or lack of drugs efficacy in the department of PhV and know the RDs that regulates this process. The inadequate activity of pharmacy workers to provide information about ARs and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs can be largely due to the low organization of this process at the pharmacy level and the conservatism of pharmacists with longer WE. It is advisable to increase the effectiveness of detection of ARs and/or lack of effectiveness of drugs due to activity of pharmacists in the conditions of pharmacy in Ukraine. Such professional activity of pharmacists helps to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care to the population of Ukraine.

Мета-вивчення впливу густого екстракту з листя персика звичайного (ГЕЛП) на стан органів тиміколімфатичної ланки імунної системи щурів за умов хронічного іммобілізаційного стресу. Матеріали та методи. Модель хронічного іммобілізаційного стресу (ХІС) відтворювали протягом 18 діб шляхом щоденної чотирьохгодинної іммобілізації щурів у тісних пеналах. Досліджуваний ГЕЛП, що був отриманий на кафедрі хімії природних сполук НФаУ, з листя персика сорту «Сальве», заготовленого в Таджикистані, вводили внутрішньошлунково в умовноефективній дозі 100 мг/кг. Як препарат порівняння використовували сироп «Імуно-Тон» у дозі 3 мл/кг внутрішньошлунково. Стан тиміколімфатичної ланки імунної системи в умовах ХІС визначали після проведення евтаназії тварин під легким інгаляційним наркозом за результатами дослідження коефіцієнтів маси тимуса і селезінки, а також гістологічного дослідження їх структури на мікропрепаратах, що були приготовлені за загальноприйнятою методикою. Для оцінки характеру впливу ГЕЛП на стан органів тиміко-лімфатичної системи щурів в умовах ХІС проводили порівняння з інтактним контролем та контрольною патологією. Результати дослідження. Встановлено протективний вплив ГЕЛП на стан тиміко-лімфатичної ланки імунної системи в умовах ХІС. У селезінці відмічали збільшення ширини маргінальної зони лімфоїдних фолікулів і муфт та кількості периваскулярних лімфатичних муфт у 1,2 разу (р<0,05) порівняно з контрольною патологією, зниження ознак стресогенної гіпоксії-кількості структур білої пульпи зі спазмом центральних артерій. У тимусі встановлено зниження ступеня змін з третьої-четвертої до першої фази акцидентальної трансформації, що підтверджується підвищенням коефіцієнту маси тимуса на 2,7 % порівняно з контрольною патологією. Висновки. Доведена здатність ГЕЛП відновлювати порушену в умовах стресу активність органів тиміко-лімфатичної ланки імунної системи. Ймовірно стверджувати, що поліфенольні сполуки ГЕЛП виявляють антиоксидантні властивості, посилюючи активність антиоксидантної системи, а полісахариди  імуностимулювальні, результатом виявлення яких є стреспротекторна дія. За ефективністю ГЕЛП не поступався препарату порівняння «Імуно-Тон» Ключові слова: густий екстракт, листя персика звичайного, хронічний іммобілізаційний стрес, тимус, селезінка, стреспротекторна дія Дата надходження рукопису 24.04.2018