Стаття колективу провідних вчених педіатрів та організаторів педіатричної охорони здоров’я України присвячена вивченню основних тенденцій у стані здоров’я дитячого населення країни за останні 22 роки. Аналіз захворюваності та поширеності хвороб серед дитячого населення України, рівнів малюкової смертності протягом останніх двох десятиліть свідчить про те, що вони залишаються значно вищими від середньоєвропейських показників на тлі прогресивного зменшення чисельності дитячої популяції на 3,16 млн осіб. Поширеність дитячих хвороб в Україні за останні 22 роки зросла на 41 %, захворюваність на дитячі хвороби — на 36 %. Розглянуті шляхи вирішення низки нових соціальних та медико-екологічних проблем, що негативно впливають на здоров’я дітей.

Для реалізації та адекватного віртуального забезпечення дистанційної освіти у Національному медичному університеті імені О. О. Богомольця використовується  дистанційна освітня платформа NMU Neuron, що  в нинішній ситуації може стати дієвою складовою освітнього процесу, маючи при цьому низку переваг. Воно не лише забезпечує навчання студента у найбільш зручному місці та часі, доступ до електронних баз знань, але й суттєво підвищує його активну роль у самому процесі самостійного навчання, зокрема й під час вимушеного внаслідок карантину, а від викладача вимагає вдосконалення викладання як за змістом, так і за його формою. Основними видами занять за дистанційною формою навчання є традиційні форми освітньої підготовки: лекція, практичні заняття, семінар, лабораторні заняття, консультації та інші, що відповідають чинному законодавству. У цілому, технології дистанційного навчання як комплекс сучасних освітніх технологій у системі вищої медичної освіти має постійно вдосконалюватися, зокрема шляхом використання сучасних освітніх платформ, якісного методичного наповнення веб-ресурсів, запровадження системи контролю якості дистанційного навчання, аби відповідати викликам часу.

The aim is to investigate if the overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) impact on the quality of life (QOL) of children with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods: The study included 73 children aged 7 – 17, with moderate BA. Depending on the body mass index, patients were divided into the three clinical groups: normal body weight (NW) – 30 children, OW – 28 children and OB – 15 children. QOL was conducted by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). The statistical processing was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Base (version 22) and EZR version 1.32. Results were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Children with BA and OB had statistically lower QOL than children with BA and NW in all PAQLQ domains. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the different weight groups of children with BA both for the general QOL: H(2) = 37.51, p<0.001and for each rating scale separately. Pairwise comparisons using Steel-Dwass test indicated that scores of NW were observed to be significantly different from those of OW and OB for rating Activity and Symptoms scales (p<0.001). Conclusion: Comorbid OW and OB reduce the specific QOL of children with BA. In assessing the effectiveness of specific approaches to treating BA in children with OW and OB, an assessment of the QOL of children should be added to the traditional common clinical and laboratory assessment.

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Background. Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease among children. Its natural history is heterogeneous with a difference in age of manifestation, localization of lesions, severity, sensitization profiles, presence of comorbid atopic conditions, and longitudinal trajectories of disease progression. The study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as the onset of the disease, atopic family history, presence of concomitant allergic pathology, duration of breastfeeding on the course of the disease and the development of respiratory allergies, and the impact of environmental factors that aggravate the disease. Materials and methods. Children with atopic dermatitis (n = 88) were included in the study from September 2020 to April 2021 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Symptoms of respiratory allergy in the history of patients have been documented as comorbidity. Results. Total of 88 patients at the time of examination presented with manifestations of atopic dermatitis in the form of a rash, dry skin, scaling, itching, lichenization. The disease severity was significantly related to the age of onset: children with early phenotype had more severe disease (OR = 16.261; 2.056–127.911). There was no statistically significant association of early phenotype of atopic dermatitis with the development of concomitant allergic diseases (OR = 1.813; 0.415–7.916). A severe course was observed in the group of children with atopic family history (OR = 2.750; 1.123–6.735). Children with severe atopic dermatitis had a high risk of concomitant respiratory allergy (OR = 5.604; 1.863–16.863). The duration of breastfeeding did not impact the severity of atopic dermatitis (OR = 0.778; 0.119–5.100) and the risk of concomitant atopic diseases (OR = 1.417; 0.444–4.521). The course of atopic dermatitis was influenced by seasonality in 76 children (86.4 %): the condition of the skin deteriorated in the winter. Contact with the animal was associated with exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in 4 (4.5 %) children, food ingestion — in 20 children (25 %), pollen trees and grasses caused exacerbation in 5 children (5.7 %). Conclusions. Children with a severe phenotype of atopic dermatitis are at risk of developing respiratory allergies. Patients with atopic dermatitis who develop symptoms at the age of under 2 years, as well as those with an atopic family history, are at high risk of developing a severe disease phenotype.

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Background. In Ukraine over the past 20 years, the incidence of pneumonia in children has increased. The aim of the study is to assess the contribution of respiratory viruses and bacteria to pneumonia in children in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 175 children at Medical Center “Eurolab” and Clinical Hospital 2 (Kyiv, Ukraine) over 2018–2022. Viral and bacterial pathogens were detected using polymerase chain reaction, chromatographic immunoassay. Results. The prevalence of viral pneumonia among total cases of pneumonia was 78.9 % in Kyiv during 2018–2022. Thirty-seven (21.1 %) cases of CAP were classified as bacterial. The most common were respiratory syncytial virus (18.1 %), metapneumovirus (13 %), adenovirus (10.1 %), parainfluenza virus (10.1 %). The other causative viral agents were influenza virus type A (7.2 %), rhinovirus (5 %), bocavirus (2.9 %), SARS-CoV-2 (1.4 %) and measles virus (1.4 %). Etiological spectrum is similar to the results of stu­dies conducted in other European countries. Conclusions. Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus, are the major contributors to community-acquired pneumonia in children in Kyiv.

The aim: Is to provide data on the presence of potential pathogens of ARTIs in children in Ukraine. Materials and methods: The etiology of ARTIs was investigated in 487 children in MC ‘Eurolab’, Kyiv, Ukraine during 2018-2020 years. Seven respiratory viruses – Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Adenovirus (AdV), human Metapneumovirus (MPV), Rhinovirus (RV), human Bocavirus (BoV), Coronavirus (CoV), were identified by PCR. Qualitative detection of Influenza type A, type B, Group A Streptococcal was performed by chromatographic immunoassay. Pathogens profiles, clinical characteristics and seasonality were analyzed. Results: 487 nasal and throat swabs from children with ARVI were collected. 400 (82,1%) samples were found to be positive: 319 swabs were positive at least for one respiratory virus, 43 children had positive rapid influenza test, 38 – positive strep test. A total of 403 viruses were identified. RV (27,1%), ADV (13,4%), RSV (13,2 %), IVA (10,7 %) were the most commonly identified viruses. Conclusions: Detection of viral seasonality in Ukraine and estimating of clinical features in case of infection allows predicting probable clinical course of disease, to provide, optimize the therapy and to develop preventive measures, vaccination, in particular.