Aim.The analysis of causes of deterioration epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2016. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Excel program. Results. In 2016, epidemiological manifestations of CCHF are identified on the territory of 6 subjects of the south of Russia. An increase in the incidence of CC H F occurred in the Stavropol Territory, the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions. The main cause of the deterioration epidemiological situation on CCHF was increasing of the number and the period of activity of ticks marginatum, in the epidemic season as a result of favorable climatic conditions; incorrect dates of the realization and inadequacy of the acaricide treatments livestock and natural biotopes. Conclusion. For the improvement epidemiological situation on CCHF timely realization of the acaricide treatments in the early spring (March-April) livestock and natural biotopes using effective insecticides and with its further entomological control it is necessary.
Outlined is the analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in the south of the Russian Federation in 2011. Discussed are the causes of nosocomial outbreak of CHF at the Salsk district central hospital, the Rostov Region. Prognostication on CHF situation for 2012 is made based on the epizootiological monitoring.
Aim. Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). Materials and methods. Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCR method for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. Results. Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis, tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. Conclusion. Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.
Целью исследований являлась оценка состояния паразитарных систем и активности природных очагов чумы Российской Федерации в 2015 г. и разработка эпизоотологического прогноза на 2016 г. В 2015 г. эпизоотии чумы выявлены на территории Горно-Алтайского высокогорного, Тувинского горного, Прикаспийского песчаного природных очагов чумы на общей площади 1573,4 км 2. Выделено 46 штаммов чумного микроба, в том числе от грызунов и зайцеобразных-18, от блох-28. Обоснован эпизоотологический прогноз на сохранение в 2016 г. напряженной эпидемиологической обстановки в Горно-Алтайском высокогорном и Тувинском горном природных очагах чумы. Показано, что в результате оперативного проведения профилактических мероприятий (полевая дератизация, дезинсекция) в 2015 г. достигнуто снижение эпизоотической активности Прикаспийского песчаного очага. Отмечено сохранение низкого уровня численности носителей и переносчиков чумы в природных очагах Северного и Северо-Западного Прикаспия, Предкавказья, Кавказа и Забайкалья. Выявлена тенденция роста численности малого суслика в Прикаспийском Северо-Западном степном, Волго-Уральском степном, Дагестанском равнинно-предгорном и Прикаспийском песчаном природных очагах чумы. Ключевые слова: природные очаги чумы, эпизоотическая активность, эпизоотологический прогноз, штаммы чумного микроба, носители и переносчики чумы, профилактические мероприятия, эпидемиологическая опасность.
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