Background. The ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) draws attention to the significance of molecular and genetic monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 spread among the population of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia.Materials and methods. The analysis of the circulation dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia was carried out, covering the period from 28/12/2020 to 26/6/2022. The analysis included the data from Rospotrebnadzor Report No. 970 "Information about Infectious Diseases in Individuals with Suspected Novel Coronavirus Infection" and the Virus Genome Aggregator of Russia (VGARus). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was confirmed by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The primer panels developed at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology were used for amplification of genomic fragments and the subsequent sequencing.Results and discussion. Using the Russian VGARus platform developed by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, we received the data on mutational variability of SARS-CoV-2. By monitoring the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia from 28/12/2020 to 26/6/2022, we found that Delta and Omicron genetic variants prevailed at different stages of the epidemic.Conclusion. The data of molecular and genetic studies are an essential component of epidemiological surveillance, being critically important for making executive decisions aimed at prevention of further spread of SARS-CoV-2 and laying the groundwork for creating new vaccines.
Background. The ongoing pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) determines the relevance of the analysis of epidemiological patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread among the population of the Russian Federation.Aim — study of the manifestations of the epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation in 2020–2022.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation was carried out from 03/30/2020 to 04/24/2022. The data from the Rospotrebnadzor report No. 970 “Information on cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection”, information portal Stopcoronavirus.rf, etc. were used. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR.Results and discussion. The analysis of the manifestations of the epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation in 2020–2022 showed the presence of two stages which differed depending on the influence of the biological factor and the ongoing anti-epidemic measures. There was a pronounced trend in the development of the epidemic process, starting from megacities (Moscow, Moscow region and St. Petersburg), which are major transport hubs and centers of migration activity of the population, to the regions of the Russian Federation. The SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity has been shown to decrease with each subsequent cycle of the rise in the incidence of COVID-19 against the background of the increased contagiousness of the virus.Conclusion. As a result of the study, risk areas (megacities) and risk groups were identified.
(Вестник РАМН. 2014; 11-12: 118-127) НАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ) были представлены концепция широкой трактовки и терминологическая база биологической безопасности (ББ). Цель данного со-общения -ранжирование содержания ББ, необходимого для нормирования ББ на национальном уровне.Исторически первым крупным формальным актом, закрепившим принадлежность ББ к национальной бе-зопасности, стал Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 4 декабря 2003 г. № Пр-2194, утвердивший «Основы государственной политики в области обеспечения хими-ческой и биологической безопасности Российской Феде-рации на период до 2010 г. и дальнейшую перспективу». В соответствии с данным документом к области ББ наряду с химической безопасностью (ХБ) отнесены следующие приоритетные направления государственной политики:• развитие механизмов государственного управления, координации и контроля, в т.ч. путем законодатель-ного определения полномочий и ответственности федеральных органов государственной власти, орга-нов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации, органов местного самоуправления, орга-нов управления опасными объектами, совершенство-вание механизмов их взаимодействия;• развитие промышленной политики, фундаменталь-ной и прикладной науки, технологий и техники, име-ющих отношение к ББ;• предупреждение чрезвычайных ситуаций и ликвида-ция их последствий, антитеррористическая деятель-ность;• подготовка и повышение квалификации кадров;• укрепление и развитие национальной системы обе-спечения ББ. Таким образом, уже первые сформулированные при-оритетные положения государственной политики в об-ласти ББ предусматривали системный подход и зако-нодательное ее закрепление на территории Российской Федерации.Реализация приоритетных направлений государ-ственной политики включала решение следующих за-дач: проведение инвентаризации опасных биологиче-ских факторов, представляющих внешние и внутренние угрозы биологической безопасности, способные пере-расти в чрезвычайную ситуацию (ЧС) биологического (санитарно-эпидемиологического) характера; разработку комплекса мер, направленных на неуклонное сниже-ние биориска до минимально приемлемого (в природе) и приемлемого (в техносфере) уровня; создание автома-тизированного информационно-аналитического и про-гнозно-моделирующего комплекса в части ББ в рамках национальной системы химической и биологической безопасности; разработку и утверждение единых крите-риев и методической базы по определению и категори- (prophylaxis, localization, indication, identification, and diagnostics) and control (prophylaxis, localization , and response/ elimination) IHR (2005). The data collected serve as materials to Draft Federal Law «Concerning biological safety provision of the population». Key words: biological safety framework in its broad interpretation, State decrees in reference to biological safety provision in the territory of the Russian Federation, system of surveillance and control over emergency situations of biological (sanitary-epidemiological) character, materials to Draft Federal Law «Concerning biological safet...
West Nilefever (WNF) is the most important arbovirus infectionfor the Volgograd region. The observed decrease in the WNF incidence from 2001 to 2006, in 2008 and2009, the reducing the number ofsevere forms ofdiseases only give evidence ofa temporary regression of the epidemic process in the territory of the Volgograd region. In the territory of the Volgograd region there are prerequisites and harbingers of the complication of epidemiological situation on West Nile fever. The aim of the performed in the Volgograd region epidemiological surveillance for WNF is to provide the information necessary and sufficient for the analysis of the epidemiological situation, as well as to determine the direction of policy and activities in public health and in making management decisions.
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