One of the most actual problems of modern poultry farming is to increase the preservation of chickens and ensure high intensity of their growth at all stages of rearing. The development of alternative methods of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of poultry involves the use of preparations of natural or organic origin, which have antagonistic properties against infectious agents and are able to balance the immune response. A prominent place in the system of disease prevention and increasing the resistance of animals and poultry is the development of modern probiotic and bactericidal preparations. In view of this, we studied the influence of the synbiotic preparations “Biomagn” in combination with the disinfectant “Diolide” on the state of the T- and B-cell links of the specific immunity of broiler chickens during the period of their rearing. The preparation “Biomagn” is based on representatives of the normal commensal microflora - non-pathogenic lactic acid bacteria with antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties and additional components: magnesium chloride, chitosan, xylanase, protease, cellulase, milk thistle meal, acidity regulator, betaine and emulsifier. The specified remedy is used to ensure optimal level of metabolism, increase immune function, growth, safety of animals and poultry. The results of the research showed that the use of the synbiotic preparation “Biomagn” in combination with the disinfectant “Diolide” had a positive influence on the activity of T- and B-cell links of specific defense of broiler chickens organism during the period of their rearing. This is evidenced by an increase in the amount of T-lymphocytes (total, active and theophylline-resistant) and B-lymphocytes in the blood and an increase in their functional activity due to the redistribution of the receptor apparatus of immunocompetent cells. In particular, a decrease in the number of functionally inactive T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood and an increase in the number of cells with low and medium degree of avidity. Therefore, the use of a set of studied immunotropic preparations is a promising direction in increasing the resistance and productivity of poultry. This allows in industrial conditions of maintenance, without loss of productivity, to respond to technological factors that can lead to immunodeficiency, disease and death of poultry.
In the industrial production of broiler meat, the productivity and quality of meat are important. To increase their productivity and meat quality, they create optimal housing conditions. It depends on many factors, especially the technology of poultry farming. The main way to maintain the natural resistance of poultry in production conditions – the use of quality and safe disinfectants. Experimental laboratory investigations have found modes of disinfection of poultry air in the presence of broiler chickens, when using a disinfectant “Biolaid” based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid and lactic acid. The reduction of microbial indoor air pollution and the increase of poultry productivity have been set up, which has made it possible to get economic efficiency of production. According to the results of research, the optimal regime of aerosol disinfection of poultry houses with the use of 0.2 % disinfectant “Biolaid” – 50 ml/m3 of the room at an exposure of 60 minutes is recommended. Disinfection of the premises in the presence of poultry during the rearing of broilers in the period before planting and processing every 6 days in the period from 6 to 41 days of age reduces the microbial background of indoor air. It was found that before the experiment the total bacterial air pollution in the experimental group was 191.0 ± 12.7 thousand CFU/cm3. After disinfection with Biolaid disinfectant, the bacterial air pollution of the room was 320.0 ± 7.1 CFU/cm3, which is almost 100 % and confirms its effectiveness. It was found that the body weight of chickens at 6 weeks of age increased by 225 g compared to the control group. Aerosol treatment of air is non-toxic and has no negative influence on the physiological state, which is confirmed by researches of morphological indices of poultry blood.
The production of ecologically clean poultry meat with high biological value to meet the needs of public demand is the primary goal of the poultry industry. Poultry meat is a good product for a healthy human diet due to its nutritional, dietary, and sensory properties, economic availability, and quick cooking. At the same time, using the latest, effective symbiotic and biocidal drugs to increase the productivity of poultry requires more in-depth research and evaluation of their impact on the final product. Based on the analysis of the results obtained by us, it has been proven that the use of the complex of symbiotic drugs “Biomagn” and “Biozapin” and in combination with the biocidal agents “Diolaid” and “Biolaid” to broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross throughout the entire breeding cycle allows obtaining high-quality and safe poultry products (chicken meat), with improved quality indicators and higher biological value. An increase in the protein content in the muscles of experimental groups of birds and a decrease in moisture in them was established, which is a consequence of an increase in dry matter content in this tissue. As a result, in the muscles of broiler chickens of the II research group, an increase in energy value was recorded to a greater extent and markedly, along with an increase in the content of essential bioelements (Calcium, Ferrum, Copper, Cobalt, and Selenium (Р ≤ 0.05)) and the content of vitamins A and B1, which indicates a higher biological (nutritional) value of poultry meat compared to such indicators in poultry I of the experimental and control groups. When determining the safety indicators of the chicken meat of the research groups, it was established that there were no residual amounts of veterinary drugs, pesticides, and aflatoxin B1, and the regulated indicators of toxic elements did not exceed the PAI specified in the regulatory documents. Therefore, the proposed complex of drugs in the scheme of the growing cycle of broiler chickens does not hurt the quality and safety of the obtained products (chicken meat). On the contrary, according to sensory and organoleptic studies, higher organoleptic qualities of the muscle samples of chickens of the I and II experimental groups were proven under the conditions of the use of a complex of symbiotic and biocidal drugs: the values of the highest overall score for tasting the meat broth are higher (Р ≤ 0.05) compared with the indicator in the control group.
In the industrial production of broiler meat, optimal housing conditions are created to increase productivity and meat quality. To maintain the natural resistance of poultry, the technology of poultry must use probiotics and quality, safe disinfectants. This article deals with the discussion due to the research results on the integrated use of two probiotics and two disinfectants in raising broiler chickens. The scheme, modes, and terms of using probiotics and disinfectants for broiler chickens during their cultivation are offered. Doses and concentrations of the studied preparations are also generalized. The influence of the investigated preparations on hematological parameters, growth, and safety of poultry was analyzed. The results of the research showed that feeding with probiotics and disinfectants did not significantly influence the daily feed consumption of chickens but caused a 6.2 % increase in average daily gain and a decrease of 0.1 feed conversion rate in chickens of the experimental group. Production investigation has determined the modes of disinfection of poultry houses in the presence of broiler chickens when using a disinfectant, “Biolide”, based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid, and lactic acid. The bactericidal effect of disinfection of walls, floors, and feeding troughs of the premises with aerosol use of disinfectant “Biolide” and spraying of probiotic powder “Biozapin” 2 days after treatment, at the rate of 10‒30 g/m2 1 time in 2 weeks. There was an increase in the productivity of the studied poultry for feeding with probiotic feed “Biomagn” at the rate of 0.5 kg per ton of feed according to the scheme: from one day of age – seven consecutive days and 22 days of age – seven days in a row with constant water treated with disinfectant preparation “Diolide” based on chlorine dioxide, which made it possible to get quality products and cost-effective production. According to the research results, it is set that the optimal mode of aerosol disinfection of poultry houses in the presence of broiler chickens using 0.2 % disinfectant “Biolide” is 50 ml/m3 of the room at an exposure of 60 minutes. The safe and optimal concentration of the disinfectant “Diolide” during water treatment in the water supply system at a dose of 1.0 mg/l of chlorine dioxide corresponds to 0.0004 % concentration. The bactericidal effect of disinfecting the room's surface in the presence of poultry during its rearing after disinfection with the disinfectant “Biolide” and probiotic “Biozapin” was almost 100 %, which confirms its effectiveness. Under the action of the investigated preparations, a stimulating influence on the gas transport function of the blood of broiler chickens was revealed, especially in the older age of their rearing. In particular, at the age of 34 days, the concentration of hemoglobin was higher by 10.7 % (P < 0.05), and the number of erythrocytes at the age of 34 and 41 days – by 41.7 (P < 0.01) and 24.1 % (P < 0.01), respectively. At the same time, likely changes in the number of leukocytes and the ratio of their species in the blood of chickens of the experimental group concerning the control were not detected. These data indicate that aerosol treatment of premises in the presence of chickens is non-toxic and has no negative influence on the physiological state, confirmed by investigations of morphological indicators of poultry blood.
The article presents the results of studies of caecum samples (cecal appendages) with contents from cattle, pigs, and poultry following the State Monitoring Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine for 2021, isolated and identified isolates of zoonoses and commensal microorganisms, namely: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter spp. The disk diffusion method conducted a study on determining antimicrobial sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. The results of studies on identifying acquired resistance mechanisms to antibacterial drugs are also presented. Interpretation of growth retardation zones was carried out following EUCAST requirements. As a result of the obtained data, 448 isolates were isolated and identified among 2120 samples submitted for research: E coli accounted for 37.7 %, Salmonella spp. – 4.24 %, Enterococcus faecium – 12.7 %, Enterococcus faecalis – 37.9 %, Campylobacter spp. – 7.4 % of all isolated isolates. When determining the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, eight sensitive isolates were found. 237 isolates were monoresistant (sensitive to 1–2 ABP), and 203 were polyresistant (sensitive to 3 or more ABP). As a result of the research, production (ESBL) was detected and confirmed in ten Escherichia coli strains. Three vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified. Study the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter spp. circulating in Ukraine. will promote a standardized approach to data collection, analysis, and sharing on a global scale and will ensure the fulfillment of the National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs tasks. Ukraine has developed a National Action Plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. In the countries of the European Union, there is constant monitoring for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter spp. The prospect of further research is to continue monitoring antimicrobial resistance against zoonoses and commensal bacteria, namely: isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter spp., as they play an important epidemiological role among infectious diseases common to humans and animals, determining their sensitivity and identifying acquired mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial drugs.
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