The paper presents the results of studies of organoleptic (color, consistency, water content) and functional-technological (pH, moisture binding capacity and loss of juice during cooking) properties of muscle tissue of NOR and PSE pork, obtained from animals transported at distances of 50 and 170 km, depending on pre-slaughter preparation. Experimental data of systematization of pork properties and calculation of the quantitative value of meat properties allowed to establish pork belonging to the quality groups NOR and PSE and to form a data bank of organoleptic and functional-technological parameters of pork muscle tissue entering the meat processing enterprises of the Southern Federal district. It is shown, that pork from rested animals had higher organoleptic and functional-technological parameters and higher quality levels of meat properties. The results of the studies confirm the positive impact of pre-slaughter preparation of pigs on the quality of their meat raw materials
The results of research are presented for new stud lines of Kalmyk cattle: Pirat 6626, Pokhvalny 8643, and Ozhog 6136. To assess meat productivity, carcass morphological composition, physical and chemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue, control slaughter of young bulls (15 months old) of different breed lines was carried out. The slaughter showed a higher weight of fresh carcass in bulls of Pirat 6626 line, which was 215.9 kg. Weight of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines was lower, 212.5 kg in average. Bulls of new lines insignificantly differed by the dressed weight and slaughter yield amounted to 221.4 to 223.9 kg (56.0% to 56.4%), respectively. At slaughter, carcasses of all experimental animals were characterized by a good yield of deboned meat (82.3 to 82.6%) with a relatively small bone content (17.4 to 17.7%). Compared to bulls of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines, Pirat 6626 line had water binding capacity higher by 1.96 and 1.09%, and juice loss during cooking was lower by 0.76 and 0.90%. Chemical composition analysis of deboned meat showed a higher protein content in meat from Pokhvalny 8643 bulls (23.41%) than from Pirat 6626 (20.95%) and Ozhog 6136 (21.75%) lines. Fat content in the meat of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 bulls was higher than in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 2.84 and 2.99%. In proteins of animals from all three lines, the content of essential amino acids exceeds the levels recommended by FAO/WHO for humans; there are no limiting amino acids. The maximum lysine amino acid score was observed in proteins of Pirat 6626 animals, which was higher by 3.6% than in Pokhvalny 8643 line and by 7.9% than in Ozhog 6136 line; leucine and isoleucine were higher in proteins of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines. Valine amino acid score was higher in muscle proteins of Pirat 6626 bulls (120.0%), than in the proteins of Pokhvalny 8643 (110.0%) and Ozhog 6136 (114.0%) lines. In Pokhvalny 8643 bulls, methionine amino acid score had the smallest difference with the reference protein. The minimal difference in phenylalanine amino acid score with the reference protein was also observed in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 5.0%.
The article presents the results of studies of the content of fatty acids in the lipids of the muscle tissue of young rams, and the composition of fatty acid of the internal fat of young rams, obtained from purebred genotypes (Soviet merino) and crossbred sheep genotypes: Soviet merino x Dzhalginsky merino and Soviet merino x Stavropol variety. Sheep were raised by moderate fattening. For the purposes of research the control group of sheep was slaughtered at the age of 8 months. As a result of analyzing the composition of fatty acid in the samples of muscle tissue and internal fat of the considered animals, 13 and 11 fatty acids, respectively, were identified. The lipids of muscle tissue showed an increased share of saturated fatty acids (53.93–56.34%) in reference to the total composition of fatty acids. In all studied groups, the internal fat of young rams contained a large amount of saturated fatty acids: from 64.46 (purebred) to 67.71% (crossbred). The calculated atherogenicity indices of muscle tissue (IA = 0.99–1.18) and fat tissue (IA = 1.11–1.21) in all groups of animals were at a low level; thrombogenicity indices of muscle tissue (IT = 1.98–2.28) and fat tissue (IT = 2.97–3.71) proved to be higher.
The paper presents the results of the investigation of the overall chemical composition (mass fraction of moisture, fat, protein and ash) and the amino acid composition of mutton from the experimental animals of new genotypes: Sovetsky Merino x Dzhalginsky Merino and Sovetsky Merino x Stavropolsky breed. As a control, meat of purebred Sovetsky Merino was studied. The experimental and control rams were slaughtered at the age of 8 months by the conventional technology. Meat samples for laboratory examination were taken a day after slaughter. The results of the analysis of the overall chemical composition showed that lamb meat of new genotypes had lower moisture content and higher content of fat and protein compared to the control. Analysis of the amino acid composition of meat proteins of genotypes Sovetsky Merino x Dzhalginsky Merino and Sovetsky Merino x Stavropolsky breed revealed lower content of essential amino acids compared to the control. Comparison of amino acid scores showed that the amino acid composition of meat proteins from the experimental animals was limited by valine and lysine, respectively. It was concluded by the results of the investigations of the amino acid composition of proteins that the biological full value of proteins of mutton from new genotypes was 22.9% and 30.3% lower than that of the control.
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