Meat Productivity the Quality of Raw Meat of Animals of Kalmyk Breed New Factory Lines

Abstract

The results of research are presented for new stud lines of Kalmyk cattle: Pirat 6626, Pokhvalny 8643, and Ozhog 6136. To assess meat productivity, carcass morphological composition, physical and chemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue, control slaughter of young bulls (15 months old) of different breed lines was carried out. The slaughter showed a higher weight of fresh carcass in bulls of Pirat 6626 line, which was 215.9 kg. Weight of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines was lower, 212.5 kg in average. Bulls of new lines insignificantly differed by the dressed weight and slaughter yield amounted to 221.4 to 223.9 kg (56.0% to 56.4%), respectively. At slaughter, carcasses of all experimental animals were characterized by a good yield of deboned meat (82.3 to 82.6%) with a relatively small bone content (17.4 to 17.7%). Compared to bulls of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines, Pirat 6626 line had water binding capacity higher by 1.96 and 1.09%, and juice loss during cooking was lower by 0.76 and 0.90%. Chemical composition analysis of deboned meat showed a higher protein content in meat from Pokhvalny 8643 bulls (23.41%) than from Pirat 6626 (20.95%) and Ozhog 6136 (21.75%) lines. Fat content in the meat of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 bulls was higher than in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 2.84 and 2.99%. In proteins of animals from all three lines, the content of essential amino acids exceeds the levels recommended by FAO/WHO for humans; there are no limiting amino acids. The maximum lysine amino acid score was observed in proteins of Pirat 6626 animals, which was higher by 3.6% than in Pokhvalny 8643 line and by 7.9% than in Ozhog 6136 line; leucine and isoleucine were higher in proteins of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines. Valine amino acid score was higher in muscle proteins of Pirat 6626 bulls (120.0%), than in the proteins of Pokhvalny 8643 (110.0%) and Ozhog 6136 (114.0%) lines. In Pokhvalny 8643 bulls, methionine amino acid score had the smallest difference with the reference protein. The minimal difference in phenylalanine amino acid score with the reference protein was also observed in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 5.0%.