Experimental researches and new regularities of influence of electron-beam processing modes on quantitative indexes of quality of surface layers of optical glass and ceramics elements are carried out: purity and smoothness of surface-the surface of optical glass elements is completely free of defects, at the same time, there is an increase of purity class, the reduction of microroughness to 0.4-1.3 nm; thickness of melted layer; structural change and chemical composition; squeezing tension and thickness of strengthened layers-in the optical ceramics elements there appear compression tensions up to 30-70 MPa in strengthened surface layers of 90-210 microns thick. Optimal modes of electron-beam technology are found (thermal impact density 7•10 6-8•10 8 W/m 2 of electron beam, travel speed 5•10-3-5•10-2 m/s), which improve the performance characteristics of optical elements: increase of microhardness of the surface and increase of the strength of surface layers, as well as spectral transmission coefficient; increase of elements stability to external thermal and mechanical influences by their exploitation. Herein, there is a temperature increase of surface layers of elements and a rise in their thermal physical properties: volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal coefficient of linear expansion. The obtained experimental research results and developed on their basis methods of improvement of performance characteristics of optical elements found their practical use and introduction in a wide range of Ukrainian enterprises, which allowed to increase the accuracy and broaden measurement ranges of impulsive range finders for 7-15 %; to increase the probability of flawless performance of optical fairings of infrared guidance and observation devices and fiber-optic beam guides of laser medical devices while performing at 10-20 %.
Absract-To estimate the efficiency of proline dehydrogenase gene suppression aimed at increasing sun flower (Helianthus annuus L.) tolerance level to water deficiency and salinity, we employed the LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double stranded RNA suppressor, produced based on the ProDH1 gene of Arabidop sis. Techniques for Agrobacterium mediated transformation in vitro and in planta during fertilization of sun flower have been proposed. The genotype dependent integration of T DNA in the sunflower genome was demonstrated. PCR analysis showed that ProDH1 is present in the genomes of inbred lines transformed in planta, as well as in T1 and T2 generations. Significantly, increased levels of accumulation of free L proline during early stages of in vitro cultivation under normal conditions were demonstrated in transgenic regenerants. The application of lethal doses of stressors (0.4 M mannitol and 2.0% sea salts) caused increase of L proline level in transgenic regenerants and its decline during the recovery period. This data indicates the effectiveness of suppression of the sunflower ProDH1 gene for increased osmotolerance.Keywords: sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Agrobacterium mediated transformation in vitro and in planta, dsRNA suppressor of proline dehydrogenase
Aim. To optimize the agrobacterium-mediated method of winter wheat transformation (Triticum aestivum L.); to select the conditions and period of inoculation to effectively transfer the genes during pollination. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during pollination. Results. The conditions for agrobacterium-mediated transformation method of winter wheat during natural (frequency pollination was 1 %) and non-natural (frequency pollination was 4 %) pollination were defined. Conclusions. The possibility of integrating transgenes into the genome of winter wheat plants by the method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta in the process of forced and natural pollination is demonstrated. It is found that the transformation efficiency to a large extent depends on the plant genotype and the method of carrying out the transformation procedure. The selection of transgenic plants under water deficit conditions allowed to identify the plants with functional transgene. The signs of functioning transgene have been remaining in the next generation of genetically modified winter wheat. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta, transgenic plants, seeds.
Summary. Aim of the study: Based on new knowledge about the course of acute and chronic cholangitis in patients with obstructive lesions of the bile ducts to improve the results of diagnosis and treatment, using improved algorithms and new minimally invasive technologies. Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute and chronic cholangitis were selected. There were 93 men — 107 men, the age of patients ranged from 25 to 79 years, the average age was (61,8 ± 2,4) years. Results and discussion. Reconstructive surgery for choledochal strictures should be performed if the patient’s condition allows as early as possible (preferably within 3–4 weeks after symptomatic minimally invasive biliary tree decompression) to prevent the development of irreversible cirrhotic changes in the liver parenchyma. Conclusions. Minimally invasive interventions are effective both in the treatment of cholangitis due to intraductal causes, where they are the ultimate treatment, and as a first-line method of preparation for major radical intervention in severe anatomical changes in the biliary system.
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