Experimental researches and new regularities of influence of electron-beam processing modes on quantitative indexes of quality of surface layers of optical glass and ceramics elements are carried out: purity and smoothness of surface-the surface of optical glass elements is completely free of defects, at the same time, there is an increase of purity class, the reduction of microroughness to 0.4-1.3 nm; thickness of melted layer; structural change and chemical composition; squeezing tension and thickness of strengthened layers-in the optical ceramics elements there appear compression tensions up to 30-70 MPa in strengthened surface layers of 90-210 microns thick. Optimal modes of electron-beam technology are found (thermal impact density 7•10 6-8•10 8 W/m 2 of electron beam, travel speed 5•10-3-5•10-2 m/s), which improve the performance characteristics of optical elements: increase of microhardness of the surface and increase of the strength of surface layers, as well as spectral transmission coefficient; increase of elements stability to external thermal and mechanical influences by their exploitation. Herein, there is a temperature increase of surface layers of elements and a rise in their thermal physical properties: volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal coefficient of linear expansion. The obtained experimental research results and developed on their basis methods of improvement of performance characteristics of optical elements found their practical use and introduction in a wide range of Ukrainian enterprises, which allowed to increase the accuracy and broaden measurement ranges of impulsive range finders for 7-15 %; to increase the probability of flawless performance of optical fairings of infrared guidance and observation devices and fiber-optic beam guides of laser medical devices while performing at 10-20 %.
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