Pasteurella multocida (46.0%), Neisseria spp. (44.0%), Aspergillus fumigatus (10.0%) were isolated in stable consortia form from milk samples (n = 60) from cows in 6 herds (n = 627 heads) with clinical signs of immunodeficiency status. The bacteria of these consortia is strong resistant to lots of antibiotics from synthetic penicillin group (ampiox, amoxiclav, ampicillinum), cephalosporins (cefalexin, cefixime), and macrolides (macropene, tylosin). The etiological structure of bacterial infections in cattle and their calves (n = 57) in mentioned farm holdings of eastern Ukraine was determined (6 farms in 3 regions). In the majority of these livestock, respiratory syndrome has been recorded for a long time in 56.0% of calves from 20 days to 5 months old. The signs of diarrhea were revealed in 12.0% of lactating and dry cows of these livestock, 18.0% of these animals showed the clinical manifestation of mastitis and 9.0% of them had the diarrhea syndrome. Pasteurella multocida (48.0%), Mycoplasma bovis (32.0%), Neisseria spp. (12.0%), Clostridium perfringens (8.0%) were identified using microbiological methods from nasal and rectal swabs from calves of different age groups, from cows with clinical signs of mastitis were isolated Mycoplasma bovis (50.0%), Pasteurella multocida (34.0%), Neisseria spp. (16.0%). Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates showed strong resistance to ampiox, amoxiclav, ampicillinum, cefalexin, cefixime, macropene, and tylosin. It was concluded that mentioned multidrug-resistant animal infectious agents in human food chain could be a sources of antibiotic resistance genes for human pathogens.
Comparative hematological and biochemical studies in heifers at the age of 6–8 months with different epizootic background revealed that the persistence of the association of viruses (causative agents of bovine leukemia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine parainfluenza-3, and bovine viral diarrhea) negatively affect the status of immunocompetent cells. As the cell number of the macrophage-neutrophil group increases by 25–37%, their functional activity decreases. Significant shifts in the state of protein metabolism, the development of immunosuppression, and intensification of lipid peroxidation processes occur in the bodies of the infected animals, indicating a decrease in the natural resistance of these animals. Significant difference in the intensity of the specific immune response in the vaccinated against pneumoenteritis of the viral etiology animals from BLV-free and BLV-positive farms has not been established.
The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of different approaches to the recovery of cattle population from leukemia, and their impact on cattle productivity and profitability of livestock farming. The choice of measures to ensure the safety of a particular farm was determined by indicators of herd infection, number of livestock population in the holding, availability of conditions for isolated keeping of animals, availability of herd replacements. Two methods of serological testing were used during the work, namely ID and ELISA. The methodological basis of the work was the regular serological examination of conditionally safe concerning leukemia livestock in the ID — once every 20–30 days, or by ELISA — with an interval of 45–50 days. According to the results of each study, depending on the approach of farm recovery, infected with leukemia animals were slaughtered or isolated from the herd in an isolated group. Improvement of farms by detecting and slaughtering infected animals is economically justified only in the case of livestock infections up to 5–10 %. In other cases, it is advisable to carry out rehabilitation by the method of gradual replacement of the infected livestock, which allows to ensure the safety of the farms during 2–4 years while saving the population and productivity of the livestock
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