The article contains materials from literary reports on the influence of minor infections, namely bovine leukemia, bovine immunodeficiency and bovine spumavirus infection on the immune status of animals, antigenic affinity of pathogens. Emphasis is placed on the biological properties of the causative agent of bovine immunodeficiency, its spread and pathogenesis, and disease diagnosis
One of the most common and dangerous cattle diseases of oncogenic origin is leukemia. An effective technological step to control animal leukemia and to prevent the possibility of its further spread is milk pasteurization. We have studied the quality of dairy raw materials and equipment used in the pasteurization of milk. The resistance of pasteurized milk was compared after using various methods of its processing (storage in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4–5°C). The comparative characteristics and specific energy consumption of the most popular pasteurizer models with ‘UOM’ milk pasteurizer-disinfectant were described. We studied the specific energy consumption of the ‘UOM’ units. It was established that pasteurization of milk in cattle leukemia is an integral stage in the overall complex of veterinary and sanitary measures. For pasteurization in livestock farms and milk processing plants, it is necessary to install modern, energy-saving, highly efficient pasteurizers using infrared heating. When using infrared equipment for pasteurization-disinfection of milk (‘UOM’), the disinfection of milk occurs at 79.5°C in a stream (without exposure). This mode of milk processing completely destroys the leukemia virus in it and does not affect its nutritional qualities
The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of different approaches to the recovery of cattle population from leukemia, and their impact on cattle productivity and profitability of livestock farming. The choice of measures to ensure the safety of a particular farm was determined by indicators of herd infection, number of livestock population in the holding, availability of conditions for isolated keeping of animals, availability of herd replacements. Two methods of serological testing were used during the work, namely ID and ELISA. The methodological basis of the work was the regular serological examination of conditionally safe concerning leukemia livestock in the ID — once every 20–30 days, or by ELISA — with an interval of 45–50 days. According to the results of each study, depending on the approach of farm recovery, infected with leukemia animals were slaughtered or isolated from the herd in an isolated group. Improvement of farms by detecting and slaughtering infected animals is economically justified only in the case of livestock infections up to 5–10 %. In other cases, it is advisable to carry out rehabilitation by the method of gradual replacement of the infected livestock, which allows to ensure the safety of the farms during 2–4 years while saving the population and productivity of the livestock
The purpose of the work was to carry out comparative analysis of the positive and negative on leukemia cattle blood sera in ELISA kits of different constructions. Research was carried out using “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit, in which the reaction had been performed in the indirect ELISA, and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit in a competitive format. There were used 15 cattle blood sera for testing, in which antibodies to BLV were confirmed in the ID and the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit” (IDEXX), as well as 10 positive cattle blood sera confirmed in ID, 10 weak positive sera tested in ID and 10 sera with a weak line of precipitate in ID, 34 negative for leukemia blood sera tested in ID, from which 24 were also tested in the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit”. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit determined positive 25 blood sera with antibodies to BLV, which were positive in ID, and 15 samples were also confirmed in IDEXX test kit. When analyzing 10 sera, that were weak positive in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 8 sera as positive and 2 samples as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit detected specific antibodies to all sera. When analyzing 14 sera with a weak precipitate line in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 9 samples as positive and 5 as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” determined specific antibodies in 11 samples When analyzing 3 sera, the test result was negative in both ELISA kits. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined as negative all 34 sera, which were negative in ID, 24 samples from them were negative in IDEXX test kit. In the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit 5 false positive results were received. Studies have shown that both test kits have a high diagnostic capacity and detect antibodies to BLV at different concentrations in all positive sera. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 34 sera as negative, in which specific antibodies were absent, and the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit identified 5 samples with a false positive result
Genetic material of the field isolate of bovine foamy virus was inoculated subcutaneously in rabbits (5 experimental and 5 intact animals). The influence of genetic material on the organism of experimental animals was studied at the molecular-genetic, cellular, and biochemical levels. It has been established that the persistence of the causative agent of spumavirus infection according to the results of molecular and genetic research (PCR) is 60 days. Redistribution of cells of leukocyte fraction towards lymphocytosis (80–88%) was recorded. Decrease in the concentration of circulating immune complexes by 22.2% (p ≤ 0.05) and a tendency to decrease in the seromucoid concentration (by 6.5%) were found on 60th day after infection compared with control indicators. At the end of the experiment it was established a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of circulating immune complexes and an increase in seromucoid level by 21.5% and 17.6% respectively, as well as a tendency to decrease in the level of globulins, which was 15.5%. The results of hematological and biochemical analysis indicate the development of immunosuppressive state under the influence of the inoculated material
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