Miscanthus × giganteus (M. × giganteus) is a perspective plant produced on marginal and contaminated lands with biomass used for energy or bioproducts. In the current study, M. × giganteus development was tested in the diesel-contaminated soils (ranged from 250 mg kg−1 to 5000 mg kg−1) and the growth dynamic, leaves quantity, plants total area, number of harvested stems and leaves, SPAD and NPQt parameters were evaluated. Results showed a remarkable M. × giganteus growth in a selected interval of diesel-contaminated soil with sufficient harvested biomass. The amendment of soil by biochar 1 (produced from wastewater sludge) and biochar 2 (produced from a mixture of wood waste and biohumus) improved the crop’s morphological and physiological parameters. Biochar 1 stimulated the increase of the stems’ biomass, while biochar 2 increased the leaves biomass. The plants growing in the uncontaminated soil decreased the content of NO3, pH (KCl), P2O5 and increased the content of NH4. Photosynthesis parameters showed that incorporating biochar 1 and biochar 2 to the diesel-contaminated soil prolonged the plants’ vegetation, which was more potent for biochar 1. M. × giganteus utilization united with biochar amendment can be recommended to remediate diesel-contaminated land in concentration range 250–5000 mg kg−1.
To get additional tools for the assessment of carbon sequestration, along with the visual assessment of soil coloration with the applying of A. H. Munsell’s atlas, the analysis of color and spectral characteristics of soil using portable colorimeter NixPro and reflectometer Our Sci Reflectometer was carried out in this study. Elemental analysis of soil samples using X-ray fluorescence analysis was performed and the content of organic carbon was estimated. The spectral range of reflected light, which correlates most with the content of organic soil substance, was singled out. Based on the data, received by methods of reflectometry and colorimetry, prognostic regression models were constructed. A multiple linear regression equation with a statistically authentic luminosity predictor (L*) (R2=0.61) was obtained. It allows describing the link between the content of the organic substance in the studied soils and the parameters of the color setting system CIELab, as well as the equation describing 69 % of the data link dispersion between the integrated reflection coefficient and the organic carbon content of the soil. The link between the integral reflection coefficient and the total organic substance content was found. The most correlated spectral range with the content of organic substance – 500–632 nm was singled out. Regression models, which were based exclusively on the spectral data of pre-treated H2O2 soils, increased their predictability by 8–10 %. Approaches that can complement the tools for rapid determination of the organic carbon content in the soil were presented in the work. Researchers are expanding their arsenal of technical support for estimation of color or spectral coefficients of light reflection, based on which it is possible to conduct geospatial analysis and determine the content of the organic substance in low-humus soils with a probability of 69 %.
The efficiency of influence of Plantafol (10.54.10) foliage application on soybeans in soil and climatic conditions of the Ternopil region was investigated. It was found that Plantafol increased the green weight of top and plant density, the total mass of grain per plant, its significance and therefore increased the grain crop by 4.9 c/ha.The crop growth was due to the formation of 15.0% higher biomass green weight of top with higher plant stand by 8% and the increase of seed productivity mainly by increasing of the total weight of seeds in plants by 10.2% and its significance by 7.9 % in comparison with the control. By the influence of Plantafol, there was an increase of the height of beans fastening by 6.4%, as well as a tendency to increase the number of beans by 5.7% and the number of seeds per plant by 2.1%.The chlorophyll fluorescence induction technique was used to isolate a group of fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll a, in particular φNPQ, φNO, which can determinate variations in the productivity of the variety, as they are sensitive to the foliage application.There wasn’t found the direct influence of the mineral fertilizer on the quantum yield of photochemistry PS II (ФPSII). At the same time, the abundance of chlorophyll (SPAD) increased.It is assumed that the decrease of the ECSt level, observed under the conditions of Plantafol foliage application of plants, led to the decrease of NPQt and φNPQ levels in soybean.In the absence of significant difference in the rate of linear electron flux in the experimental and control groups, Plantafol decreases the NPQt level and causes the increase of the total number of active RC FS I.The obtained data proved the significance and the perspective of foliage application using as of complex mineral fertilizers during soybean cultivation that increases its productivity in local soil and climatic conditions.The Plantafol reduces the negative effect of some nutritional elements in soil and increases the soybean crop in the conditions of Ternopil region by stimulating photosynthetic, growth and production processes.
The agrochemical composition of chernozems typical of the agrobiological laboratory of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University has been studied and the economic expediency of using complex mineral fertilizer Plantafol 10.54.10 during cultivation of soybeans, to eliminate the shortage of some elements of mineral nutrition and increase crop productivity was analyzed. It was found that chernozems is characterized by a close to neutral exchange (pH 5.6) and hydrolytic (2.16 mg-eq. / 100 g) reaction, an increased amount of absorbed bases (19.0 mg-eq. / 100 g) and increased rate of saturation of bases (89.8 %), which is typical of agricultural lands with high carbonate content. Сhernozem soil has a low amount of easily hydrolyzed Nitrogen (102.0 mg / kg), an average supply of humus (2.63 %) and mobile Phosphorus (71.0 mg / kg) and a very high level of metabolic Potassium (189.0 mg / kg). Based on the specified agrochemical composition of the soil, taking into account the peculiarities of mineral nutrition of soybean plants, the importance for the formation of generative organs of Phosphorus and its ability to highly effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the study area, it is suggested to eliminate possible shortages of soil nutrients, in the first of Phosphorus, foliar fertilization with Plantafol 10.54.10. Complex mineral fertilizer Plantafol 10.54.10 contains Nitrogen – 10 %, Phosphorus – 54 %, Potassium – 10 %, as well as trace elements in chelated form EDTA – Boron 0.02 %, Iron – 0, 07 %, Manganese – 0.03 %, Zinc – 0.01 %, Copper – 0.005 %. It was found that double foliar fertilization with Plantafol 10.54.10 fertilizer at a dose of 3 kg / ha increases the yield of soybean grain cultivar Annushka, which is grown on chernozems typical of agrobiolaboratory, by 0.34 t / ha or 15.5 %. Yield growth was mainly due to a 16.8 % higher biological yield of aboveground mass and an increase in the number of beans on plants – by 15.3 %, seed weight – 16.0 %, total number of seeds – 11.4 %, as well as less pronounced increase in the height of attachment of the lower beans, the density and height of plants in the crop and the weight of 1000 seeds. The length of the fruits and their glazing did not change as affected by fertilizer. The obtained data allow to offer foliar fertilization with complex fertilizer Plantafol 10.54.10, as one of the elements of the system of soybean fertilization on chernozems with close to neutral reaction, increased amount of absorbed bases, low amount of easily hydrolyzed Nitrogen, average supply of humus and mobile Potassium and a very high level of exchangeable Potassium, which reduces the negative impact of deficiencies in the root nutrition of plants, increases crop productivity and provides additional income of 4078 UAH / ha.
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