The incidence of tuberculosis in some regions of Russia remains at a high level. According to the WHO, Russia is among the 30 countries bearing the main burden of tuberculosis. Prevention and early detection of the disease are of paramount importance in the fight against tuberculosis in children and adolescents. For the purpose of diagnosing the disease, methods such as the Mantoux test, the diaskin test, and fluorographic examination are used in a timely manner.
For any country, the morbidity, disability and mortality of the adolescent population is an urgent sociodemographic problem, and their trends, causes and age-sex specificity are the object of close study. The purpose of the study was to assess the dynamics of the state of health of adolescents. Thus, on the basis of dynamic observation, diseases of the digestive tract, diseases of the nervous system and diseases of the eye are at a high level. At the same time, there is a positive trend towards a decrease in the incidence in adolescents. To improve the current situation, it is necessary to improve the medical support of the respondents and conduct a comprehensive rehabilitation of children and adolescents.
The multifactorial influence of the environment on school-age children determines their physical and psychological state, which directly forms the future personality. Currently, the greatest impact on children is caused by physical inactivity, irrational and unbalanced nutrition. At the same time, the fullness and balance of the diet determines not only the direct impact on the state of homeostasis, but also affects the emotional and psychological state of a person, and, often, provokes the development of depressive states. The presence of deviations in the state of health reduces performance, academic performance and the achievement of certain successes in adolescence and adolescence. The aim of the study was to study the nature of nutrition among high school students and its relationship with academic performance and depression. The study involved 120 students aged 15-17 years, 65 of them girls and 55 boys. A survey of schoolchildren was conducted to assess the nutritional status and the nature of nutrition of the study participants, and the level of depression of schoolchildren was determined using the Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (HADS). According to the results of the study, it was found that the majority of senior schoolchildren try to adhere to a rational diet. However, at the same time, the diet is often monotonous and «fast food» appears in it. The revealed correlation of nutrition factors and the level of anxiety and depression indicates the importance of a proper diet and a variety of diets. The fact of the influence of the presence of breakfast in the diet on fatigue during the day is also noted.
Breastfeeding is the optimal way of nutrition for a newborn, which fully meets the needs of the child’s body in food components in the first six months of life. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of natural feeding. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that more than half of newborns (77%) are exclusively breastfed.
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