<p><em>Orthodontic tooth movement is obtained through </em><em>alveolar bone remodeling</em><em>. Alveolar bone remodeling includes reso</em><em>rption</em><em> process </em><em>that </em><em>played by osteoclasts and </em><em>bone formed</em><em> process </em><em>that </em><em>played by osteoblasts. Diabetes affects </em><em>on </em><em>orthodontic tooth movement. </em><em>The magnitude of</em><em> orthodontic force </em><em>that</em><em> applied </em><em>in</em><em> the early stages of diabetic conditions,</em><em> would be</em><em> a consideration of the </em><em>alveolar bone</em><em> remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to determine osteo</em><em>b</em><em>last and osteo</em><em>c</em><em>last</em><em> profile </em><em>in </em><em>early stage of rat diabetic </em><em>models </em><em>with different</em><em> orthodontic force application. 2</em><em>4</em><em> Wistar rats were divided into </em><em>three</em><em> groups of control</em><em>s andthree groups of early stage of</em><em> diabetic treatment with different orthodontic force application (10, 20, and 30 </em><em>gramforce</em><em>/</em><em>g</em><em>r</em><em>f). The results showed an increase</em><em>d </em><em>of osteoclast</em><em> numbers in early stage of</em><em> diabet</em><em>es and will be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force. </em><em>The results </em><em>also </em><em>showed</em><em> a decreased of </em><em>osteoblast</em><em> number in early stage of</em><em> diabet</em><em>es, but it would be increased along with the increased of orthodontic force</em><em>. </em></p>

Orthodontic forces produce alveolar bone and periodontal ligament remodeling that cause tooth movement. Diabetes can increase tissue damage and, therefore, contributes to the process of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differently orthodontic forces on the expression of MMP nine in rat diabetic model. Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of control and three groups of treatment strept ozotocin-induced diabetes with stratified doses. Application of orthodontic appliance was performed with different forces (10, 20 and 30 grF). Orthodontic appliance was performed on both upper incisors. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to observe the expression of MMP 9 and HE (Hematoxylen Eosin) staining to observe the number of fibroblasts. Statistical analysis was carried out using t -test and Spearman correlation analysis to determine the difference of MMP nine expression and number of fibroblasts between groups, and determine the correlation of both. The results showed an increased expression of MMP 9 and decreased of fibroblasts number in diabetic rats, along with increasing magnitude of orthodontic forces. The different orthodontic forces given to diabetic rats affect the expression of MMP 9 and the number of fibroblasts, in which the expression of MMP 9 increased along with the increase of orthodontic forces, both at pressure and tension sides..

Background: Diabetes is a serious and important public health problem, especially in relation to dental treatment. Because of its complications in periodontal tissue, diabetes can be contraindicated in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (RANKL) is an essential cytokine inducing osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts produce this cytokine which has been suggested to play an integral role in osteoclast activation during bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between RANKL expression of osteoblast and the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of diabetic rat models at different mechanical force application. Methods: This study used animal subjects, white rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain (n=24) divided into six groups. The mechanical force to which they were subjected ranged between 10, 20, and 30 gramforce (grf). The animal models with diabetes were injected with a stratified dose of Streptozotocin. An orthodontic appliance was inserted in both the maxillary incisors for seven days. The tissue was subjected to histological analysis of osteoclasts and immunohistochemistry analysis of RANKL expression on the pressure and tension side of the alveolar bone. Results:The results of this study showed that the increase in mechanical force produced a rise in RANKL expression and osteoclast number on the pressure and tension side of the alveolar bone of diabetic rat models. Conclusion: There was a correlation between the RANKL of osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in the alveolar bone of diabetic models with different mechanical force application.

Background and aims. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy was caused by reduced insulin production that led to tooth germ growth disorder. Thymoquinone could increase insulin production through pancreatic β-cells regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thymoquinone to prevent tooth disorder in rat offspring born from hyperglycemia pregnant rat. Material and method. Wistar rat offspring used in this research taken from pregnant rat induced hyperglycemia with streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBW divided into four groups. Rat offspring observation had been done on 3rd, 5th, and 7th day postnatal. The histological image of first maxillary molar tooth germ stained with Haematoxilin Eosin and Mallory’s Trichrome. The parameters of rat offspring were body weight, blood glucose levels, tooth growth stages, tooth dimension width, and tooth germ enamel matrix. Results. Thymoquinone group had the widest tooth germ dimension compare to other groups. All rat offspring tooth germs were at the appositioncalcification stage in matrix enamel (pre-enamel). The analysis showed that no statistical differences between thymoquinone group and metformin group (p>0.05). Conclusions. Thymoquinone has same function with metformin to prevent tooth disorder in rat offspring born from pregnant rat induced hyperglycemia.

Pergerakan gigi secara ortodonti diperoleh melalui remodeling tulang alveolar dan jaringan periodontal sebagai respon terhadap adanya gaya ortodonti. Diabetes dapat mempengaruhi remodeling tulang alveolar. Remodeling tulang alveolar meliputi proses resobsi tulang yang diperankan oleh sel osteoklas, serta pembentukan tulang yang diperankan oleh sel osteoblas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rasio osteoklas dan osteoblas tulang alveolar pada model tikus diabetes oleh karena aplikasi gaya ortodonti. 24 ekor tikus Wistar dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang terdiri dari 3 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan diabetes dengan aplikasi gaya ortodonti yang berbeda (10, 20, dan 30 gramforce/grf). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi gaya ortodonti pada model tikus diabetes menyebabkan peningkatan rasio osteoklas dan osteoblas tulang alveolar di daerah tekanan dan tarikan pada ligamen periodontal.