Abstrak Streptococcus viridans dapat menyebabkan endokarditis bakterial subakut pada manusia. Dokter gigi harus hati-hati dalam melakukan perawatan saluran akar. Irigasi merupakan salah satu tahapan dalam perawatan saluran akar. Bahan yang biasanya digunakan adalah sodium hipoklorit. Sodium hipoklorit dapat mengiritasi jaringan. Bahan alternatif diperlukan seperti daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dimana memiliki kandungan aktif flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang berperan sebagai antibakteri. Untuk mengetahui daya antibakteri ekstrak daun kersen terhadap Streptococcus viridans dan besar konsentrasi ekstrak daun kersen yang memiliki daya hambat terbesar terhadap Streptococcus viridans. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 kelompok, yaitu K+ (sodium hipoklorit), P1 (ekstrak daun kersen 12,5%), P2 (ekstrak daun kersen 25%), P3 (ekstrak daun kersen 50%), P4 (ekstrak daun kersen 75%). Media BHI-A ditanami suspensi Streptococcus viridans. Selanjutnya kertas cakram yang sudah diberi larutan sesuai kelompoknya diletakkan di atas media BHI-A tersebut. Meida diinkubasi selama 24 jam, lalu diameter zona hambat diukur. Zona hambat terbesar yaitu pada kelompok P4 (ekstrak daun kersen 75%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ekstrak daun kersen memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus viridans. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kersen yang memiliki daya hambat terbesar terhadap Streptococcus viridans adalah sebesar 75%.irigasi saluran akar perawatan saluran akar streptococcus viridans
Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis growth should be prevented to minimise inflammation in periodontal tissues. Antibacterial herbs need to be considered because there are side effects caused by synthetic antibacterial drugs. Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves are known for having antibacterial effects. The purpose of this research was analysing the inhibition potential, and the highest inhibition concentration of namnam leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: 24 samples were divided into 6 groups. The positive control group was given 0.2% chlorhexidine, and the treatment group was given various concentrations (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) of namnam leaves extract. The disc which spilled by various concentrations of namnam leaves extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine was placed on a medium which has been inoculated by P. gingivalis, then incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours. The inhibition zone was measured using a vernier calliper. Results: The concentration of 100% had the highest average inhibition zone value, which was 11.43 mm. The content in namnam leaves extracts which serve as antibacterial were tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and quinones. Conclusion: Namnam leaves extract can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. 100% of namnam leaves extract has the highest antibacterial inhibition zone.Keywords: Antibacterial, Namnam leaves extract, periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis
Pendahuluan: Disfungsi ovarium merupakan kondisi yang menimbulkan defisiensi hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Penurunan hormonal ini menyebabkan peningkatan produksi tumor necrosis factor (TNF) yang dapat memicu peningkatan produksi matriks metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). Periodontitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri gram negatif akan memicu makrofag melepaskan TNF-α yang berkontribusi dalam pembentukan MMP-8. MMP-8 ini berperan dalam degradasi kolagen jaringan ikat gingiva. Meningkatnya MMP-8 dapat menyebabkan terjadinya periodontitis. Gejala periodontitis karena disfungsi ovarium dan induksi bakteri ini dapat diperlambat dengan bahan alam, yaitu daun singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) terhadap ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas pada model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu (1) kelompok kontrol (K), (2) Kelompok yang diinduksi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi aquades, (3) Kelompok yang diinduksi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi ekstrak daun singkong, (4) Kelompok yang diberi perlakuan ovariektomi dan diberi aquades, (5) Kelompok yang dilakukan ovariektomi dan diberi ekstrak daun singkong. Pengambilan jaringan gingiva setelah tahap euthanasia dilakukan untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pengamatan dan penghitungan ekspresi MMP-8 dilakukan dengan menggunakan software ImageJ dan Immunoratio. Hasil: Hasil analisis data one-way ANOVA, ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas gingiva menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun singkong dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-8 fibroblas gingiva tikus yang mengalami disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis diinduksi P. gingivalis. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-8 sel fibroblas gingiva pada model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis.Kata kunci: Disfungsi ovarium, periodontitis, ekspresi MMP-8, ekstrak daun singkong. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ovarian dysfunction is a condition that causes estrogen and progesterone deficiency. This hormonal decrease causes an increase in the production of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), which can trigger an increase in the production of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). Periodontitis caused by gram-negative bacteria will trigger macrophages to release TNF-α, which contributes to the formation of MMP-8. MMP-8 plays a role in collagen degradation of the gingival connective tissue. An increase in MMP-8 can cause periodontitis. Periodontitis symptoms due to ovarian dysfunction and bacterial induction can be slowed down by natural ingredients, such as cassava leaf. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential of cassava leaf extract (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblast in rats model with ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The samples were female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups: (1) control group (K); (2) Porphyromonas gingivalis induced group and given aquadest; (3) Porphyromonas gingivalis induced and given cassava leaf extract; (4) Group with ovariectomy treatment and given aquadest; (5) Group with ovariectomy treatment and given cassava leaf extract. Gingival tissue retrieval after the euthanasia was carried out for the histopathology preparations by immunohistochemical staining. Observation and calculation of MMP-8 expressions were performed using ImageJ and Immunoratio software. Results: The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis of MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblasts showed a significant difference (p = 0.000); thus cassava leaf extract reduce the MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblasts of rats with ovarian dysfunction and P. gingivalis induced periodontitis. Conclusion: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf extract can reduce the MMP-8 expression of gingival fibroblast cells in rats’ model with ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis.Keywords: Ovarian dysfunction, periodontitis, MMP-8 expression, cassava leaf extract.
Orthodontic forces produce alveolar bone and periodontal ligament remodeling that cause tooth movement. Diabetes can increase tissue damage and, therefore, contributes to the process of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differently orthodontic forces on the expression of MMP nine in rat diabetic model. Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of control and three groups of treatment strept ozotocin-induced diabetes with stratified doses. Application of orthodontic appliance was performed with different forces (10, 20 and 30 grF). Orthodontic appliance was performed on both upper incisors. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to observe the expression of MMP 9 and HE (Hematoxylen Eosin) staining to observe the number of fibroblasts. Statistical analysis was carried out using t -test and Spearman correlation analysis to determine the difference of MMP nine expression and number of fibroblasts between groups, and determine the correlation of both. The results showed an increased expression of MMP 9 and decreased of fibroblasts number in diabetic rats, along with increasing magnitude of orthodontic forces. The different orthodontic forces given to diabetic rats affect the expression of MMP 9 and the number of fibroblasts, in which the expression of MMP 9 increased along with the increase of orthodontic forces, both at pressure and tension sides..
Background: Diabetes is a serious and important public health problem, especially in relation to dental treatment. Because of its complications in periodontal tissue, diabetes can be contraindicated in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (RANKL) is an essential cytokine inducing osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts produce this cytokine which has been suggested to play an integral role in osteoclast activation during bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between RANKL expression of osteoblast and the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of diabetic rat models at different mechanical force application. Methods: This study used animal subjects, white rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain (n=24) divided into six groups. The mechanical force to which they were subjected ranged between 10, 20, and 30 gramforce (grf). The animal models with diabetes were injected with a stratified dose of Streptozotocin. An orthodontic appliance was inserted in both the maxillary incisors for seven days. The tissue was subjected to histological analysis of osteoclasts and immunohistochemistry analysis of RANKL expression on the pressure and tension side of the alveolar bone. Results:The results of this study showed that the increase in mechanical force produced a rise in RANKL expression and osteoclast number on the pressure and tension side of the alveolar bone of diabetic rat models. Conclusion: There was a correlation between the RANKL of osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in the alveolar bone of diabetic models with different mechanical force application.
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