Kejahatan kekerasan seksual di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Hukuman pidana bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual sebagaimana tercantum dalam KUHP dan UU Perlindungan Anak dianggap belum efektif sehingga Pemerintah menerbitkan UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 yang menerapkan pemberatan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual diantaranya dengan memberlakukan kebiri secara kimiawi. Penerapan kebiri secara kimiawi ini menimbulkan pro kontra di masyarakat terkait efektifitasnya dan pemberlakuannya yang dianggap melanggar hak asasi manusia sebagaimana termuat dalam UUD 1945, Konvensi Internasional ICCPR dan CAT yang telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM. Namun, terlepas dari adanya pro kontra tersebut, seyogianya Pemerintah perlu menyiapkan sumber daya manusia, sarana prasarana, dan peraturan pelaksananya agar aturan ini dapat diberlakukan secara efektif, efisien, dan tepat sasaran guna mengurangi peningkatan jumlah kekerasan seksual dan timbulnya kejahatan yang berulang.Sexual offenders in Indonesia increased every year. Criminal punishment for the sexual offender as set forth in Penal Code and Children Protection Act is considered not effective so that the government had issued Law Number 17 Year 2016 that applied punishment for a sexual offender by imposing chemically castrated. Implementation of chemical castration raises pro and contra opinion in the society about its enactment effectiveness and also considered as a violation of human rights as is contained in 1945 Constitution, International Convention ICCPR and CAT which it has already ratified by Indonesia, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Despite the presence of pro and contra opinion, the government should pay attention to the needs additional human resources, infrastructures to carries out this task, and regulations so this can be implemented effectively and efficiently in order to reduce numbers of sexual offenders.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012 is very important and interesting to be studied because due to its implications and implementation. Ministry of Education and Culture as the addressat of the decision make transitional policy regarding on how to eliminate the policy concenring International Standard School/ International-Standard School Pilot Project (SBI/RSBI). In fact, transitional policy is not addressed and does not have a legal basis in the implementation of the decision. There is a conflict between the normative provisions that Constitutional Court Decision are binding since pronounced in an open session for the public with the certainty of cross-state agency collaborative cooperation to implement the Court Decision. Therefore, there’s a need to investigate this Decision at the practical leve on how the decision is implemented. This research is doctrinal in which the object of the research is laws and regulations and other legal materials, in this case, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012. In addition, field studies are also conducted by way of searching mass media news which is important to be done in order to know the response of the public on how to implement the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012. The results showed that (1) the implications of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012 is that it eliminates the legal basis of RSBI policy. Consequently , the implementation of SBI/ RSBI should be stopped because it has lost its legal basis since the judgment is pronounced. In addition, the Government through the Ministry of Education and Culture, shall implement the decision, including to repeal or revise the technical regulations that become legal framework of RSBI, (2) The implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012 can be seen in two categories, namely: (a) spontaneous implementation, which is implementation by some education authorities and the schools themselves by removing the attributes of SBI/RSBI shortly after the Constitutional Court’s decision was pronounced, without waiting for further instruction by Ministry of Education and Culture, and (b) a structured implementation through the Ministry of Education and Culture by issuing Circular of Minister of Education and Culture No. 017/MPK/SE/2013 about RSBI Transition Policy. Although this policy is contrary to normative-imperative provisions, the measure taken by the Ministry of Education and Culture to establish a transition policy is the most probable step taken in order that the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-X/2012 can be implemented as it should be.
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan khususnya lahan gambut selama ini menjadi perhatian pemerintah secara nasional dan lintas negara. Penegakan hukum tindak pidana lingkungan bagi korporasi yang melakukan pembakaran hutan dan lahan menjadi hal penting karena berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan dan gangguan kesehatan. Ketentuan mengenai tanggung jawab bagi korporasi dalam tindak pidana lingkungan telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas yang menyatakan Direktur Perusahaan tidak dapat melepaskan dirinya dari pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam hal perusahaan yang dipimpinnya mencemari dan atau merusak lingkungan. Senada dengan itu, Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup juga mengatur bila pertanggungjawaban dapat dikenakan kepada badan hukum dan para pengurusnya secara bersama-sama, dalam hal kegiatan dan/atau usaha korporasi tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran dan atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. UU PPLH ini kemudian didukung dengan perangkat aturan penanganan perkara di Mahkamah Agung yakni Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Oleh Korporasi dan Keputusan Ketua Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor: 36/KMA/SK/II/2013 tentang Pemberlakuan Pedoman Penanganan Perkara Lingkungan Hidup.Land and forest fire especially peatland so far had been a serious concern for the government that pay attention nationally and cross country. Law enforcement of environment for a criminal that burn forests and land areas are important because resulted in an impairment of health and environmental damage. Provisions on corporate accountability for the environment in a criminal offense has been regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Company that had been said the company could not set them free from criminal responsibility in terms of companies made pollution and damage the environment. Law Number 32 of 2009 on The Protection And Environmental Management (PPLH) also regulate if accountability may be subject to the body of laws and the managers together, in activities and/or corporate business if it causes the pollution and or damage environment. PPLH Law were then supported with a device rules of case handling in the Supreme Court such as Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016 on the procedures for case handling of a criminal act in corporate and Decree of Chief Justice of The Republic of Indonesia Number: 36/KMA/SK/II/2013 about the guidelines of case handling in environmental issue.
Tulisan ini membahas mengenai penyelesaian sengketa kewenangan antarlembaga negara oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dalam penyelesaian sengketa kewenangan konstitusional antar lembaga negara itu terdapat 2 (dua) hal penting yang harus dieksplorasi yaitu soal konsepsi lembaga negara dan kewenangan konstitusional. Guna memahami lembaga negara terlebih dahulu harus melakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan landasan yuridis pembentukannya. Berdasarkan pembentukannya lembaga negara dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 (tiga), yaitu lembaga negara yang dibentuk berdasarkan Keppres, UU, dan UUD. Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 004/SKLN-IV/2006 tanggal 12 Juli 2006 telah merumuskan kata “lembaga negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar” dalam Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD 1945 dengan menggunakan penafsiran gramatika (grammatische interpretatie). Menurut Mahkamah Konstitusi, dalam menentukan subjectum litis atau objectum litis perkara sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara yang kewenangannya diberikan UUD 1945 maka ditentukan terlebih dahulu kewenangan-kewenangan yang diberikan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar dan baru kemudian kepada lembaga apa kewenangan-kewenangan tersebut diberikan.This article is about settlement disputes between authorities of state institutions by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. In the resolution of disputes between the state institutions there are 2 (two) important things that must be explored, the conception of constitutional state institutions and authority. To understand state institutions once must be done is grouping by the juridical of its formation. Based on its juridical formation state institutions can be grouped into 3 (three), that is institutions formed based on the presidential decree, law, and the constitution. The verdict of The Constitutional Court No 004/SKLN-IV/2006 dated 12 July 2006, Constitutional Court has formulated “state institutions under the authority granted by the constitution” regarding Article 24C Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution by using grammatical interpretation (grammatische interpretatie). According to The Constitutional Court, in order to determine subjectum litis or objectum litis in settlement disputes of authorities of state institutions cases that authority granted by 1945 Constitution, ones must be considered is the existence of certain authorities in the Constitution and then to which institutions those authorities are given.
The Constitutional Court has a code of ethics and behavior of judges the constitution as the legal basis to carry out profession ethics. Due to his duty, judge of the constitution had potentially breaking the code of conduct and behavior of judges. In order to oversee the conduct of judges the constitution formed The Board of Ethics Judge Constitution (DE-HK) who has authority to check and give decision regarding of the reports on complaints and information through the media/the community related to alleged violations the code of conduct and behavior of judges the constitution as well as a violation of law constitutional court. The Board would have the authority to impose sanctions verbally and if the offense heavy, the board recommended the formation of an assembly of honor of constitutional court and make propose of the suspension of the judge the constitution, and if not proven The Board rehabilitates judge that concerned. This study is done in a juridical manner normative by looking at an object or target of regulation research, legislation and materials law other related supervision the conduct of judges the constitution by the board. Hence, within the revision on constitutional court law in National Legislation Program, it's important to do institutional strengthening the board of conduct and to ripen position the tribunal honor judges to carries out surveillance and checks for violation code of ethics and behavior by the judges.Keywords: code of ethics and behavior, The Board Of Ethics Judge Constitution, judge, supervision
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