Human milk donation is an option for hospitals without a human milk bank or in the Muslim community.

Background Smoking and consuming alcohol remain hazardous acts to health, which are important to prevent in adolescents. Prosocial behavior has increasingly being noticed to be related with substance use. This study investigated the association between the trying of smoking and alcohol with prosocial behavior among school-going adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 school adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years from 12 secondary schools in Terengganu. Cluster sampling was applied. A validated questionnaire adopted from Global Health School Survey (GSHS) was used and prosocial behavior was assessed using the validated Malay self-rated version of Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS ver25, using multiple logistic regressions for both dependent variables of ever smoking and ever alcohol drinking. Results Ever smoking was significantly inversely associated with prosocial behavior (p = 0.010, OR: 0.84, CI: 0.74, 0.96); together with other significantly associated factors; namely older age, male gender, poorer family income, and smoking in immediate family members. However, there was no association of the between prosocial behavior with ever alcohol drinking (p = 0.628). Conclusion Prosocial behavior is negatively associated with the trying of smoking in adolescents. Future longitudinal study should be done to investigate the effects of promoting prosocial behavior among adolescents towards the hazardous act.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be the eleventh leading cause of disability worldwide. In Asian countries, OA is much less well-known than in the caucasian population and strongly associated with aging. Therefore, this article focuses comprehensively on the prevalence, risk factors and primary prevention for OA identified in Asian countries.   Methods: This scoping review used the methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Pertaining to this topic, a comprehensive search on academic journals published from 2008 to 2018 (English) was conducted.   Results: A total of 30 studies were selected in this review from 221,510 studies screened from electronic databases. The overall prevalence of OA is in a range of 20.5% to 68.0%. Most of the Asian populations reported to have knee OA in a range of 13.1% to 71.1% in various Asian countries. Risk factors that have been associated with OA are advanced age, being the female and obesity. Osteoporosis, higher body mass density, low level of education, family history of OA, smoking and environmental factors appeared as significant risk factors for OA. A strategic method of primary prevention for OA through lifestyle modification is reducing obesity and treating concomitant cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Determining OA prevalence and risk factors will provide important information for planning future cost-effective preventive strategies.

Abstract: Introduction/Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical training worldwide. Many teaching and learning activities were replaced with online learning. The use of flipped classroom and game-based learning in teaching have been in trend recently. Aim & Objectives: The objective of this report is to describe the experience of using flipped classroom in combination with game-based learning and to study the students’ feedback on their use. Methods/Study Design: Flipped classroom combined with scenario-based Kahoot! quiz during the synchronised online teaching of medical ethics was tested on second year medical students. Results/Findings: Based on their objective scoring and subjective feedback, almost all students agreed that the combination of flipped classroom and scenario-based Kahoot! quiz helped them understand the topics and achieve the learning outcomes. However, almost half of them were unsure whether they preferred the new methods over the traditional face-to-face lecture. Among the main problem for online learning was poor internet connection which interrupted their concentration and participation in class. Discussion & Conclusion: As a conclusion, medical students were still sceptical whether flipped classroom and game-based learning were their preferred methods over the traditional face-to-face lecture. However, these combined methods were feasible to do during the pandemic and received good feedback from students. The main concern is the internet connection that may interrupt the running of the class.   Keywords: Flipped classroom, Game-based learning, Kahoot, Online learning, Medical students

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