The current high price of crude oils for bitumen production has led to various studies on the most economical way in replacing or reducing the amount of virgin bitumen as a binder in road pavement while increasing their pavement performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using bio-oil, particularly waste cooking oil, (WCO) on the engineering properties of bitumen. Both physical and rheological properties of the original bitumen and WCO modified bitumen were measured using penetration, softening point, viscosity, loss on heating and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. In this study, bitumen 80/100 pen was modified with WCO at different percentages i.e. 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of bitumen. Based on the results, it was found that addition of WCO in virgin bitumen has softened the bitumen, thus increase the temperature susceptibility. In terms of rutting resistance, the addition of WCO up to 2% has produced modified bitumen with performance grade of PG 64 which is comparable to the original bitumen.

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Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) represents the technologies that allow the reducing of asphalt binders’ mixing and compaction temperatures by reducing its binders’ viscosity. This paper gives a comprehensive chronological review from prior researches and practical experienced among researchers and industrial practitioners while implementing WMA technology including constituent materials, mix design and mechanical performance issues. Within this, the problems and benefits as well as different types of WMA additives were clearly identified as essential for a better understanding of the application of WMA technology in pavement constructions.

The stiffness of aged binder is highly contributed to the workability problem. Rejuvenating agent such as waste engine oil (WEO) is one of the sustainable modifiers that can be used to improve and attain the desired performance of the aged binder. However, concern arises on the consistency of the engine oil properties due to its unknown history usage. This study focused on the rutting properties evaluation of the partial aged binder integrating with engine oil (new and waste sources) using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The findings showed that, the addition of WEO affects the rutting performance under ageing condition. From the isochronal curve, the complex modulus, G* of the rejuvenated binder was found lower than the aged binder at un-aged condition. However, after ageing process, the stiffness of the rejuvenated binder was increased and the phase angle, δ decreased obviously compared to virgin binder. The critical temperature of the binder was not differing substantially particularly under ageing. Meanwhile, the ageing index rutting factor (AIRF) clearly summarised that the rejuvenated binder with WEO with higher mass loss more susceptible to ageing.

In order to improve the performance of asphalt mixture, the virgin asphalt binder needs to be modified with suitable modifiers. There are various types of modifiers available in market and it is clearly stated and established in most of pavement standard specification. Nowadays, pavement technologist and researchers had put their interests on nanotechnology and they had found that polymeric nanocomposites have shown its effectiveness through the modification of virgin asphalt binder with certain portion of nanomaterials. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials have significant effects in improving the engineering properties of asphalt binder and mixture. Therefore, a thorough literature review on the current research of nanomaterials in pavement engineering for the past decades can enhance understanding and guaranteed something beneficial findings in the future. This paper described the theory of nanotechnology and its historical development including the method used among researchers in evaluation the structural and morphological characteristics of modified binder with nanoparticles. Also, the effect of different types of nanoparticles, suitable dosages, modifying procedures, problems and benefits on asphalt binder and mixture were explained. It is expected that in future the implementations of nanotechnology would have major impacts for better pavement performance.