Nipa is one of the vegetation mangroves in Southeast Sulawesi
The interpretation of FTIR spectrum was obtain vibrations of methylene (CH2) which overlap with vibration of the cis-alkene bond (cis-HC = CH), stretching vibration of ester group (C-O), bending vibrations of C-H, stretching vibration of ester group (C = O), and hydroxyl group (OH).
Keywords: Nipa, oil, extraction, trans-esterification, FTIR
ABSTRAKNipa adalah salah satu vegetasi magrove di Sulawesi Tenggara yang pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat belum optimal karena kurangnya informasi mengenai hal tersebut. Untuk memberikan informasi komponen minyak dilakukan penelitian dengan judul "Identifikasi Gugus Fungsi Minyak Buah Nipa (Nypa fructicans) Kaliwanggu Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara". Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan ekstraksi dan reaksi trans-esterifikasi serta pengukuran FTIR. Minyak yang diekstraksi memiliki karakteristik berbau harum dan tidak berwarna (bening) serta mudah menguap (volatil). Kadar minyak diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 13,72%, 10,57%, 7,73%, dan 3,62% untuk minyak dari bagian sabut, daging buah, tongkol buah, dan kulit ari daging buah nipa. Hasil interpretasi spektrum FTIR diperoleh gugus fungsi yaitu gugus vibrasi gugus methylene (CH2) yang overlap dengan vibrasi ikatan dari cis-alkena (cis-HC=CH), vibrasi ulur gugus (C-O) pada ester, vibrasi tekuk gugus C-H, vibrasi ulur gugus (C=O) dari ester, dan gugus hidroksil (OH).
Tokulo (Kleinhovia hospita) leaves are commonly used by Moronene people (Southeast Sulawesi) to treat headaches. This is supported scientifically from research which states that tokulo leaves have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The NSAID group is included in the anti-rheumatoid arthritis therapy. To determine the anti-RA activity of this plant, a study was carried out on CFA-induced rats. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the ethanol extract of tokulo leaves has anti-RA and anti-inflammatory activity in CFA-induced rats.
Keywords: Kleinhovia hospita, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammation
This study aims to determine optimum time of action of the enzyme α-amylase and glucoamylase needed in hydrolyze of starch from waste processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu). This research was conducted through three main stages, namely the gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification. The method was used method are liquefaction and saccharification. The variation time of the stage liquefaction: 12; 24; 36; 48; 60; and 72 minutes and the saccharification stage are: 9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54; and 63 hours. The results showed that the optimum time required for stage liquefaction using α-amylase enzyme is 48 minutes on the condition of a temperature of 80 oC with a value of 0.09% amylose levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum time required for saccharification step using a glucoamylase which is 54 hours on the conditions of a temperature of 50oC with the amount of reducing sugar concentration of 9.186 g/L as measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepraktisan dan keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dengan menerapkan model PBL dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan KPS siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 14 Konawe Selatan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan mengikuti model 4-D (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination). Perangkat yang dikembangkan adalah rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) dan instrumen penilaian. Pada perangkat tersebut dilakukan validasi oleh tim ahli, lalu dilakukan uji kepraktisan dan keefektifan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil validasi terhadap perangkat pembelajaran sebesar 3,8 dan masuk kategori sangat valid. Uji kepraktisan didasarkan pada hasil observasi keterlaksanaan perangkat pembelajaran dan observasi aktivitas peserta didik. Nilai rata-rata keterlaksanaan yang diperoleh sebesar 3,8 dan nilai rata-rata aktivitas peserta didik sebesar 3,7. Keduanya masuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Uji keefektifan didasarkan pada rerata skor N-gain dan uji statistik paired sample T-test. Rerata skor N-gain pemahaman konsep yang diperoleh sebesar 0,46 dan rerata skor N-gain KPS sebesar 0,45. Keduanya masuk dalam kategori sedang. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan nilai pretes dan postes pada penilaian pemahaman konsep dan KPS. Dari hasil uji kepraktisan dan keefektifan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran praktis dan efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan keterampilan proses sains (KPS) siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Kata Kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, PBL, pemahaman konsep, keterampilan proses sains, larutan penyangga
Research on the use of the spray aeration method with adsorption of cocoa rind powder to reduce iron and manganese levels in dug well water has been carried out. This study aims to make comparisons from two methods to reduce iron and manganese in dug well water. The parameters optimized in this study are the aeration time and the variation of the addition of the adsorbent mass and the adsorption time. Based on the research results, the spray aeration time for 2 hours gave the optimal percentage reduction for Fe3+ and Mn4+ metal ions, namely 98.68% and 94.22%. Meanwhile, for adsorption using cocoa pod husk powder, the optimal reduction occurred in the adsorbent mass of 0.2 grams and the adsorption time of 60 minutes for iron and manganese 96.36% and 95.15%, respectively.
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