<p>Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as an infant’s consumption of human milk without complementary foods for the first six months of life. Breastfeeding has many benefits and advantages for infants. Breast milk suffice infant’s necessary for energy, protein, vitamin and mineral. In addition, breast milk protect infants from susceptibility to infectious disease. Increase vulnerability to nutritional problems in infants recently due to the replacement of breast milk with formula milk in a manner and amount that can not satisfy infant’s need. Many problems were encountered in efforts to provide exclusive breastfeeding, one of which is the number of breastfeeding mothers who must return to work after the leave ends. Therefore, mothers need knowledge and skill to provide exclusively breastfeeding on their<br />infants during work.</p><p><br />Air Susu Ibu (ASI) Eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI tanpa makanan pendamping sampai bayi berusia 6 bulan. ASI memiliki banyak sekali manfaat dan keunggulan bagi bayi. ASI memenuhi kebutuhan sumber energi, protein, vitamin dan mineral utama bagi bayi. Selain itu, ASI memiliki kandungan yang menjaga bayi dari kerentanan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Meningkatnya masalah kerawanan gizi pada bayi akhir-akhir ini,<br />salah satunya disebabkan penggantian ASI dengan susu formula, dengan cara dan jumlah yang tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan bayi. Beberapa kendala yang muncul dalam upaya pemberian ASI eksklusif ini, diantaranya adalah banyaknya ibu menyusui yang harus kembali bekerja setelah masa cuti berakhir. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagi ibu agar dapat memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayi selama ditinggal bekerja. <br /><br /></p>
Although previously large-scale social restrictions were implemented by the Indonesian government, the total number of coronavirus cases is overcome China in the global ranking per July 18th, 2020, implying a higher infection rate among Indonesian residents. The surge of new coronavirus cases started since the loosening of large-scale social restrictions, thereby implicating that public gathering (including religious gathering) evidently increases transmission [1] . It has been reported that Indonesia's coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mortality rate is the second-highest among Southeast Asian Nations, which may be associated with several health determinants, including biochemical factors and health comorbidity [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . Because people's adherence to control measures is affected by their attitudes, religious perspectives, and practices (ARP) towards COVID-19. Hence, the information regarding Indonesian's ARP towards COVID-19 post-large-scale social restrictions is required. The data were collected via an online questionnaire, including demographic information (7 items), attitude and practice (5 items), and religious perspective and practice (5 items), from July 11 – 18, 2020, collecting a total of 1,345 respondents. Although our data collection did not provide other precautionary measures (e.g., adequate ventilation). It is notable that most of the religious venues are having a close ventilation system. Hence, this may contribute to the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission [8] . Altogether, these data will help in determining non-health-related factors to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Fever is a symptom that accompanies some infectious and non infectious diseases. Fever cause metabolic consequences such as dehydration, increasing oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. Treatment of fever can reduce patient discomfort and another symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, diaphoresis and chills.In addition to antipyretic, the use of physical methods to reduce fever has been widely applied. Physical methods of cooling are the treatment of choice for hyperthermia, but their value in the treatment of fever remains uncertain. Fever treated with tepid-water sponging and combined with antipyretic drugs are more effectively than those treated with antipyretic drugs alone. Tepid-water sponging represents a simple, nonsedating method to combat the metabolic impact of shivering and to induce cutaneous vasodilatation that increases heat loss.
<em>Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes is most commonly type which accounts for 90-95% of those, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. Management of type 2 diabetes should combine pharmacological therapy with both diet modification and increasing physical activity. Nutraceutical was known to have important role. A kind of Araceae family, Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), has a main content of glucomannan. Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide, high fibers and low calories. Various studies suggest the benefit effects of glucomannan in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Its mechanism is postulated to be associated with the intrinsic physical effects of soluble fiber in the gastrointestinal tract and fermentation by microflora in the large intestine that trigger production of several gut hormones. Short Chain Fatty Acids, product of fiber fermentation, can improve insulin sensitivity through competition with free fatty acids and increasing expression of GLUT 4 in insulin sensitive tissues. Therefore, glucomannan from Porang has a great potential to be a nutraceutical for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</em>
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