PurposeA mother's working environment is believed to be a major determinant of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice. We aimed to define the influence of a facility dedicated to breastfeeding and a breastfeeding support program at the workplace on breastfeeding practice.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in five workplaces. The inclusion criteria were female workers whose last child was between 6 and 36 months old. Observational data were obtained and a questionnaire was filled out. The World Health Organization definition for EBF was used.ResultsData from 186 subjects (74 office workers and 112 factory workers) were collected. Just over half (52%) of the mothers were between 20 and 46 years old, 75.3% had graduated from high school and university, 12.9% had more than two children and 36.0% owned a house. The prevalence of EBF during the last 6 months was 32.3%. A proper dedicated breastfeeding facility was available for 21.5% of the mothers, but only 7.5% had been in contact with a breastfeeding support program. The presence of a dedicated breastfeeding facility increased EBF practice almost threefold, by an odds ratio (OR) of 2.74 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.34-5.64 (p<0.05). Knowledge of the breastfeeding support program increased EBF practice by almost six times (OR, 5.93; 95% CI, 1.78-19.79) (p<0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that Governments should make it obligatory for employers to offer a breastfeeding support program and a dedicated breastfeeding facility at the workplace as these simple measures significantly increase EBF.

Latar belakang. Tidur merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar untuk tumbuh kembangoptimal bagi seorang anak. Pola tidur dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktorinternal pada diri anak dan faktor lingkungan fisik. Gangguan tidur dapat menyebabkanmasalah perilaku, emosi, menyebabkan mengantuk pada siang hari, dan dapatmempengaruhi konsentrasi belajar serta daya ingat anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak usia bawah tiga tahunmenggunakan kuesioner BISQ serta hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengangangguan tidur.Metoda. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 385 anak usia bawah 3 tahun di 5 kota diIndonesia. Sejak Januari – Juni 2005. Sampel diperoleh secara consecutive sampling.Merupakan studi analitik seksi silang, menggunakan metode wawancara terpimpindengan kuesioner yang telah diuji coba dan formulir Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire(BISQ). Definisi gangguan tidur bila ditemukan satu atau lebih kondisi seperti lamatidur malam kurang dari 9 jam, terbangun pada malam hari lebih dari 3 kali dan lamaterbangun pada malam hari lebih dari 1 jam. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan programSPSS 11, uji Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact test dan Mann-Whitney U. Hubungan bermaknasecara statistik bila ditemukan nilai p < 0.005.Hasil. Prevalensi gangguan tidur ditemukan pada 44,2% dari 385 subyek terdiri dari198 anak laki-laki dan 187 anak perempuan. Rata-rata usia anak 12 bulan. Tingkatpendidikan orangtua sebagian besar tingkat pendidikan sedang, dengan 66,5% masukdalam katagori tingkat pendapatan rendah. Sebagian besar anak (43,1%) tidur padaposisi telentang, tidur bersama orangtua di tempat tidur yang sama (bed sharing)ditemukan pada 73,5% dan co-sleeping ditemukan pada 18,7%. Dalam cara menidurkananak 56,1% tertidur ketika disusui, dan dari uji statistik didapatkan hubungan bermaknaantara tertidur ketika disusui dengan gangguan tidur. Ditemukan pula hubunganbermakna antara jumlah waktu tidur siang dan waktu mulai tidur malam dengangangguan tidur. Sedangkan faktor sosiodemografi tidak berhubungan bermakna dengangangguan tidur. Meskipun demikian 42,3% orangtua beranggapan bahwa gangguantidur pada anak bukan merupakan suatu masalah.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak bawah 3 tahun ditemukan pada44,2% kasus yang diteliti dengan rata-rata usia anak 12 bulan. Ditemukan hubunganbermakna secara statistik antara tertidur ketika disusui dan jumlah waktu tidur siangserta waktu mulai tidur malam dengan gangguan tidur. Tidak ditemukan hubunganbermakna secara statistik antara faktor sosiodemografi dan gangguan tidur. PerangkatBISQ dapat merupakan salah satu alat untuk skrining gangguan tidur pada anak.Prevalensi gangguan tidur yang tinggi dan perhatian orangtua yang kurang terhadapmasalah ini, perlu dilakukan penyebaran informasi dan penyuluhan kepada orang tuatentang manfaat tidur dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari gangguan tidur.

The globalization of economic activities has also seen the expansion of Japanese companies abroad. A survey of Japanese companies and their overseas subsidiaries and business activities found that there were 24 959 overseas subsidiaries of Japanese companies as of July 2017. 1 Regarding occupational health and safety (OHS) for workers in Japan, staff in charge of OHS generally provide the necessary services in compliance with local laws and regulations. However,

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Background: Working status is identified as a major risk factor of poor breastfeeding practices among workers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with breastfeeding practice among white-collar and blue-collar workers in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in two factories and three government offices in Jakarta from December 2015 to February 2016. Subjects were woman workers whose children were age 6 to 24 months old and actively working in the factory and/or office. The factors studied were selected socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, score on knowledge and attitude, and breastfeeding practice during working hours. Results: From a total of 192 subjects, 73% of white-collar workers had good knowledge on breastfeeding, in contrast with 55% of blue-collar workers who had not good breastfeeding knowledge (P < 0.001). Most of the subjects were conducting breast pumping during working hours, however 15% of white-collar workers and 17% of blue-collar workers never breastfeed nor breast pumped at work. Working status (P = 0.005) and knowledge (P = 0.002) were factors associated with breastfeeding practice among workers. Conclusion: White-collar workers have a better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breastfeeding. Knowledge improvement related to breastfeeding benefits and supports to working mothers are a key priority, however advocacy to employers, managers, and supervisors in providing breastfeeding facilitation and program support were also critical to successful breastfeeding practice among workers.

BACKGROUND: The use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insecticides is still widely used by farmers in flower and agricultural centers. However, biological monitoring of farmers is still very rare in Indonesia. AChE inhibitors are reported to have toxic effects on various organs.METHODS: This study involved 120 subjects in Cihideung, Cikole and Pangalengan areas. All subjects have been interviewed, physically examined and biological sample taken by medical team. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess general conditions of the subjects and AChE erythrocyte activity enzyme at pseudo-baseline and the next 3 months from pseudo-baseline. Statistical analysis have been performed of the pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity with hypertension and history of exposures.RESULTS: The median value of pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity was 8.10 (1.3-14.25) U/g hematocrit. In the comparison between pseudo-baseline and 3 month from pseudo-baseline AChE activity, 7 respondents from 19 respondents (36.84%) had lower enzyme activity than 70% and the others subjects have higher activity value. AChE erythrocyte activity is associate with frequency of insecticide exposures. AChE erythrocyte activity (p=0.04; Exp (B)=2.937 CI 95%=1.049-8.224) and age (p=0.025; Exp (B)=3.872 CI 95%=1.180-12.703) are independent risk factors for hypertension in farmworker.CONCLUSION: AChE erythrocyte activity associated with frequency of insecticide exposures and hypertension among farmworkers.KEYWORDS: AChE erythrocyte activity, frequency of insecticide expsoures, hypertension

B ACKGROUND:Exposure to welding fume in the workplace was associated with lung function disorders and occupational asthma. In this study, we determined lung function parameters in men workers exposed to welding fumes from heavy equipment manufacturer. This study is a preliminary study of biomonitoring program in worker exposed to welding fume as our main study. METHODS:A study with case-control design, random study, was conducted among welder (59 subjects) and nonwelder (34 subjects) with more than one year experience in the same job task in a heavy equipment manufacturer. All subjects completed physical examination, informed consent, questionnaire and lung function status. Lung function status was measured by spirometer with vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FCV), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and ratio of FEV 1 /FVC as test parameters. Linear regression model was developed to identify the risk factor of lung function parameter status using age, working period and smoking status as variables. RESULTS:This study showed that there were significant lower VC, FVC and FEV 1 in welder than non-welder, but not difference in ratio of FEV 1 /FVC. However, there was no significant difference among welder from foundry and fabrication plan. By multivariate analysis, working period was found as a risk factor for lower parameters in lung function among welder. CONCLUSION:Lung function parameters status were significantly lower in welder than non-welder, and working period was the most important indicator for lung function status evaluation among welder. KEYWORDS

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