Especially the use of drought-resistant plant species reduces maintenance and irrigation costs, and plants increase the retention and success to continue its life in arid landscape. In this study, some plant species used have been studied to determine their tolerance to drought stress in gardens and parks in Kastamonu. For this purpose, germination trials have been in conducted -, -, -, and -Bar water stress. Landscaping applications commonly used some species such as Cupressus sempervirens L., Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle, Pyracantha coccinea Roem, Thuja orientalis, Pinus sylvestris L., Sophora japonica, Cedrus libani A. Rich., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Pinus brutia Ten., and Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. pallasiana Lamb. Holmboe. Their seeds were evaluated different levels of water stress in the germination percentage. PEG solution was used in the formulation of water stress. The seeds were exposed to constant temperature of °C for a period of days at germination cabinet. As a result, this experiment calculated germination in different water stress levels what percentage has fallen, so the least affected by increased water stress was studied to determine the species. Also results showed increased water stress and reduce the percentage of germination in all species. The highest level of water stress -Bar, which was also obtained stress level proportional germination values Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. pallasiana Lamb. Holmboe . % and Pinus brutia Ten.. % .

This research aims to find the habitat-dependent variation of micromorphological characteristics in the leaves of Fraxinus excelsior (European ash), Platanus orientalis (Plane tree) and Tilia tomentosa (Silver lime) collected from 6 different cities of different climates. The leaves were collected in Turkey in the cities of Rize, Samsun, İzmir, Antalya, Sivas, and Ankara. Samsun and Rize fall under the Black Sea climate region, Ankara and Sivas under the continental climate, whereas Antalya and İzmir enjoy a Mediterranean climate. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to highlight the visible morphological characteristics of the plant, we hoped to uncover how stress affects the micro-morphological properties of the plant but does not affect its vital functions. Leaf epidermis images were obtained with SEM and stoma width (μm), length (μm), pore width (μm), pore length (μm), and density (in an area of 1 mm 2 ) measurements were obtained using Image J (https://imagej.net) software. A Duncan test and variance analysis were performed via SPSS® (IBM Analytics) and the habitat-dependent change of these characteristics was evaluated statistically. Accordingly, we determined that the stomatal characteristics varied depending on the habitat, but trees were affected differently by climate conditions. The micromorphological characteristics on the leaves depending on growth conditions were also investigated.

This research aimed to determine changes to some micromorphological characteristics of certain landscape plants grown in areas with different dominant climate types. Leaf samples were collected from eight woody plant species in areas with terrestrial, Black Sea, and Mediterranean climate types in Turkey. Then, scaled images of the collected leaf samples were obtained using SEM. StomaLength, StomaWidth, PoreLength, PoreWidth, and StomaDensity were determined using measurements made on the images. Data were statistically evaluated, and the changes to these characteristics by climate type and species were determined. The results show that the lowest values were for plants grown in the terrestrial climate, while the highest values were for plants grown in the Mediterranean climate for all characteristics except SDEN. For SDEN, the lowest value was for plants grown in the Mediterranean climate, while the highest value was obtained for plants grown in the terrestrial climate.

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In this study, it is aimed to determine the variation of some leaf characters of Platanus orientalis L. depending on the climate type. For this purpose, in a country dominated by three climate types (Terrestrial, Black Sea and Mediterranean), leaves samples of Platanus orientalis trees were collected. Scaled images were obtained with the help of electron microscope (SEM = Scanning Electron Microscope) of collected leaf samples. Thus, with measurements made on these images, stoma length (μm), stoma width (μm), por length (μm), por width and stoma density (1 mm 2 area). The obtained data were evaluated as statistic and the change of these characters according to climate type and city was evaluated. In addition, by applying correlation analysis to the data, it was attempted to determine the relations between the subject characters and climate data. As a result of the study, no significant effect of the climate could be detected on the characteristics examined. This situation can be interpreted that morphological characteristics are shaped by many environmental factors and genetic structure besides climate. The authors suggest an increase and diversification in studies on the subject in order to determine how and under which conditions micromorphological characteristics are shaped. For this reason, it can be shown that the subjects of the study are collected from the individuals which were primarily raised for landscaping, and the practices in landscape studies change the micro ecological conditions in a clear way.

Climate-dependent changes in wood anatomical characteristics were studied for Rosa sp. and Nerium oleander sp. grown in phytosociological areas. For this purpose, wood samples were taken from the individual wood species grown in Antalya, Eskisehir, and Kastamonu provenances, where Terrestrial, Black Sea, and Mediterranean climate types prevail, and 11 anatomical characters were identified or calculated. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the climate has large effects on the characteristics that are the subject of the study and that each characteristic is at a higher level in individuals grown in areas where different climate types prevail. The highest values in Rosa species were obtained in the individuals grown under Terrestrial climate type in all characteristics except for LW (lumen widths), EC (elasticity coefficients), and FF (F-Factors.) Whereas in Nerium oleander, the highest values were obtained in individuals grown in the Mediterranean climate type in FL (fibre lengths), LW (lumen widths), FR (felting ratios), and EC (elasticity coefficients). For the same species type, in the Terrestrial climate, RIJID (rigidity coefficients), MUHT (Muhlstep ratios), and RUNK (Runkel ratios), and in the Black Sea climate DWT (double wall thicknesses) and WT (wall thicknesses) characteristics had high values.

The fatty acids content in pine seeds is important because it affects germination success and commercial value. In this study, the amount of fatty acids in the seeds of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) was determined in seeds collected from different geographical locations and after two-year storage. The pine seeds were collected from different locations where peanut pine is densely located in the Western Black Sea Region of northern Turkey in 2019. The results showed that the content of some fatty acids (C18:1n-9, ƩMUFA, C18:2n-6, and ƩPUFA) in the seeds collected from different geographical locations did not differ significantly, but the content of others (C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, ƩSFA, and C18:3n-3) was dependent on the locations. The difference among locations was up to 40% (p < 0.05). In general, the lowest values were obtained from the seeds of Bartın Karaçaydere, and the highest values were obtained from the seeds of Bartın Çakraz and Bartın Avara locations. After two years of storage, the content of all the fatty acids in the seeds decreased based on the location, and a decrease of more than 25% in the content of some fatty acids was observed.