The impact of flood mitigation project in the Kemaman River Basin was assessed in this study. Salinity intrusion was simulated in the study area by 1D numerical model. A 1-D hydrodynamic model coupled with a salinity model was used to analyze the salinity intrusion within Chukai River after the implementation of the flood mitigation project. The model was calibrated and validated using the data measured in Chukai River at 3 points from January 2007 until August 2013. Water quality simulation of salinity has been carried out once an excellent hydrodynamic model was established. The simulated river flow was reasonably matched to the measured data with R2 value 0.88, 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. Results suggest that after the realignment of Chukai River, the seawater intrudes further to the upstream river, causing the increasing salinity in the river about 10 - 15 ppt. However, with the floodway development, the channel would allow more water from Kemaman River being discharged into Chukai River. Increased in the volume of water in Chukai River has led to seawater dilution. Further, it invades the unique stretch of Chukai River and takes the salinity back to the initial state. Findings from the implementation of the flood mitigation project in the Kemaman river basin has benefitted the local society, watershed, and the surrounding biota ecosystems. Importantly, a greater prevention with the risk of repetitive flood damage to the buildings and structures in Kemaman area which has significantly achievable.
HIGHLIGHTS
Salinity model is used for flood mitigation project
High salinity in Chukai river resulted from seawater intrusion
Hydrodynamic model is to assess the water quality simulation
The increasing demands in textile industries has created huge production of textile coloured products globally, leading to large production of textile effluent. Textile effluent is often discharged to the environment without proper treatment by the textile factories. The untreated textile effluent typically contains harmful chemicals and is hazardous to the environment, due to the toxicity of the dyes used. In this study, biological treatment is applied to the textile effluent. A 2-level full factorial design from response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find the optimized treatment process condition for the textile wastewater degradation. Sixteen runs of experiment with 4 factors were performed; bacterial inoculum (%, v/v), temperature (℃), agitation (rpm), and pH were tested. It was observed highest decolourization obtained (91.95 % with pH 4, low concentration of bacterial inoculum (5 %), agitation speed (200 rpm) and temperature (40 ℃)) meanwhile lowest decolourization was achieved at 73.47 % with pH 10, low concentration of bacterial inoculum (5 %), agitation speed (100 rpm) and high temperature (40 ℃). It was observed that low concentration of bacterial inoculum (%, v/v) gave more favourable dye degradation and COD removal, while pH ranged from low to high in the textile dye treatment.
HIGHLIGHTS
Textile wastewater contributes the most in Sg. Hiliran, as textile wastewater was discharged directly into the river without proper treatment
Biodegradation using a bacterial approach offers safe and costly effective treatment for the textile wastewater
The application of RSM offers a practical approach in providing optimized parameters for the textile wastewater treatment
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