Optimization of biodiesel production by solid acid catalyst derived from coconut shell via response surface methodology

Endut, Azizah; Abdullah, Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid; Hanapi, Nur Hanis Mohamad; Hamid, Siti Hajar Abdul; Lananan, Fathurrahman; Kamarudin, Mohd Khairul Amri; Umar, Roslan; Juahir, Hafizan; Khatoon, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.06.008

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…There is abundantly available waste everywhere: domestically, in municipalities, in industry, and the natural environment, and many more sources are yet to be discovered. The most studied wastes include banana peels, 39 coco‐pod husk, 14, 17 plantain peels, 40, 41 oil palm trunk, coconut husk, 42 coconut shell, 43 sugarcane bagasse, wood ash, 44 Lemna perpusilla Torrey, 45 rubber seed shell, 46 palm kernel shell, 47 banana peduncle, 48 Enterolobium cyclocarpum pod husk, 49 kola nut pod husk, 50 and tucuma peels 51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel has the potential to contribute significantly to the elimination of the present global energy and climate change logjam, but its production and commercialization have been hindered by the diverse nature of the feedstocks used for production. This paper reviews the effectiveness of applying various types of crop and animal waste-derived catalysts together with innovative feedstock hybridization as an economically viable technique for biodiesel production. Feedstock challenges, availability, and sustainability for large-scale applications are addressed with a view to bridging the existing gaps. Challenges in the use of edible oils and algae oil sources and development remain, but the technique of feedstock hybridization appears to be very promising, innovative, and cost-effective for biodiesel production. The present state of biodiesel production could be improved by the application of simple and cost-effective technologies in the feedstock system. High free fatty acid (FFA) content is the major hurdle to the use of most oils, especially low-grade/advanced oil feedstocks, in biodiesel production. This could be addressed through technological application of feedstock hybrids and biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts, and their biochemical modifications. Conventional technology for the large-scale application of inorganically derived catalysts in biodiesel production with various characteristic differences is presented. Heterogenous catalysts derived from biogenic wastes and their modification could be used to overcome associated problems with the use of inorganic catalysts in biodiesel production. Biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts are renewable, available, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. Technological applications of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biogenic waste are outlined and reviewed, considering various materials and different modification techniques to identify appropriate options for scaling up development. This review also discusses fundamental considerations for the Review

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The catalyst was synthesized according to a method described in [17]. Coconut shell biomass was primarily washed with distilled water and sun-dried for 24 hr.…”

Section: B Catalyst Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calorific value of palm biodiesel was found to be lower than the acceptable limit. This might be due to the presence of unreacted triglyceride and methanol in the biodiesel product [17].…”

Section: Optimal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Catalyst Preparation Conditions on Coconut Shell-derived Solid Acid Catalyst Performance for Transesterification

2019

ijrte

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The carbon-based solid acid catalyst is mostly synthesized through a series of incomplete carbonization and sulfonation process. This paper investigates the influence of catalyst preparation conditions on the catalyst performance in biodiesel conversion. Coconut-shell-derived solid acid catalyst was prepared through incomplete carbonization followed by sulfonation using concentrated sulphuric acid. The effect of catalyst preparation variables including carbonization temperature, carbonization time, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time was evaluated using response surface methodology. The adequacy of the mathematical model represents the process was confirmed by using ANOVA analysis with R2 value of 0.9121 and p-value <0.0001. Optimal process conditions were obtained at carbonization temperature of 469.97 ºC, carbonization time of 3.37 h, sulfonation temperature of 99.14 ºC and sulfonation time of 7.11 h. At these conditions, the coconut shell-derived catalyst able to catalyse the transesterification reaction and achieved >80% FAME conversion. This study uncovers the potential of biomass valorisation into a useful end produc

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“…Endut et al reported that using heterogeneous catalyst wastewater produced can be minimized and separating the catalyst from the biodiesel are easier [39].…”

Section: The Effect Of Catalyst Concentration and Time On The Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Various Feed Stocks used and the Operating Conditions for Biodiesel Production

Girish

Tjprc²

2018

IJMPERD

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The energy crisis has become an important global issue because of the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels. Therefore there is a need to explore alternative sources to solve the energy security problem. Different sources are available for energy production among which biodiesel is considered to be effective for reducing the dependency on fossil fuels. Biodiesel production causes less adverse impacts on the environment compared to petroldiesel and even the fuel properties are superior. Transesterification reaction was employed for producing biodiesel from various feed-stocks such as edible oil, non-edible oils, animal fats and used cooking oil etc. Thus, the present study investigates the various precursor materials used for biodiesel production. It also reviews the types of catalysts used and the effect of operating conditions on the transesterification reaction.

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Optimization of biodiesel production by solid acid catalyst derived from coconut shell via response surface methodology

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Influence of Catalyst Preparation Conditions on Coconut Shell-derived Solid Acid Catalyst Performance for Transesterification

Review of Various Feed Stocks used and the Operating Conditions for Biodiesel Production

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