Review of Various Feed Stocks used and the Operating Conditions for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

The energy crisis has become an important global issue because of the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels. Therefore there is a need to explore alternative sources to solve the energy security problem. Different sources are available for energy production among which biodiesel is considered to be effective for reducing the dependency on fossil fuels. Biodiesel production causes less adverse impacts on the environment compared to petroldiesel and even the fuel properties are superior. Transesterification reaction was employed for producing biodiesel from various feed-stocks such as edible oil, non-edible oils, animal fats and used cooking oil etc. Thus, the present study investigates the various precursor materials used for biodiesel production. It also reviews the types of catalysts used and the effect of operating conditions on the transesterification reaction.

Biodiesel production in India: Prospects, challenges, and sustainable directions

“…India, like numerous other nations engaged in biodiesel production, is currently investigating new approaches to tackle the issue of viscosity. The methodologies encompass pyrolysis, hydrocarbon mixing dilution, and micro-emulsion, each possessing distinct merits and practical implementations (Girish, 2018) and economic factors determine the choice of suitable methodologies and raw materials as the nation endeavors to attain enhanced energy self-sufficiency and ecological viability (Maheshwari et al, 2022). Table 2 represents the Biodiesel production in India from various feedstock (Million Liters).…”

“…India, like numerous other nations engaged in biodiesel production, is currently investigating new approaches to tackle the issue of viscosity. The methodologies encompass pyrolysis, hydrocarbon mixing dilution, and micro‐emulsion, each possessing distinct merits and practical implementations (Girish, 2018). In general, the biodiesel sector in India is consistently making progress in developing oil extraction and biodiesel production technology.…”

Simultaneous removal of anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater with biosorbents from banana peels

“…where K F (mg/g)(L mg À1 ) 1/n is the Freundlich adsorption constant related to the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent and 1=n is a constant related to the biosorption intensity varying with the heterogeneity of the adsorbent. The extended Langmuir, (Equations ( 7) and ( 8)) and Freundlich (Equations ( 9) and ( 10)), isotherms, given below, were used to calculate the maximum sorption capacities of BP and OG and elucidate the interactions between the two dyes [52] :…”

Teknologi Proses Untuk Produksi Biodiesel Berbasis Minyak Kelapa Sawit

“…Teknologi proses biodiesel lainnya yaitu thermal cracking atau pirolisis, yakni proses konversi yang melibatkan pemanasan dalam ketiadaan oksigen atau dengan penggunaan katalis (Abbaszaadeh et al, 2012;Ishola et al, 2020;Tambun et al, 2017). Sulit untuk mengontrol produk utama pirolisis karena prosesnya bergantung pada kondisi eksperimental seperti waktu tinggal, panas, suhu reaksi, dan laju pemanasan (Girish, 2018). Fenomena ini dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa kimia yang tidak diinginkan seperti belerang, air dan residu yang dapat menyebabkan korosi pada mesin (Jambulingam et al, 2019).…”