The main focus of this study is exploring the spatial distribution of polyaromatics hydrocarbon links between oil spills in the environment via Support Vector Machines based on Kernel-Radial Basis Function (RBF) approach for high precision classification of oil spill type from its sample fingerprinting in Peninsular Malaysia. The results show the highest concentrations of Σ Alkylated PAHs and Σ EPA PAHs in ΣTAH concentration in diesel from the oil samples PP3_liquid and GP6_Jetty with achieving 100% classification output, corresponding to coherent decision boundary and projective subspace estimation. The high dimensional nature of this approach has led to the existence of a perfect separability of the oil type classification from four clustered oil type component; i.e diesel, bunker C, Mixture Oil (MO), lube oil and Waste Oil (WO) with the slack variables of ξ ≠ 0. Of the four clusters, only the SVs of two are correctly predicted, namely diesel and MO. The kernel-RBF approach provides efficient and reliable oil sample classification, enabling the oil classification be optimally performed within a relatively short period of execution and a faster dataset classification where the slack variables ξ are nonzero.
The impact of flood mitigation project in the Kemaman River Basin was assessed in this study. Salinity intrusion was simulated in the study area by 1D numerical model. A 1-D hydrodynamic model coupled with a salinity model was used to analyze the salinity intrusion within Chukai River after the implementation of the flood mitigation project. The model was calibrated and validated using the data measured in Chukai River at 3 points from January 2007 until August 2013. Water quality simulation of salinity has been carried out once an excellent hydrodynamic model was established. The simulated river flow was reasonably matched to the measured data with R2 value 0.88, 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. Results suggest that after the realignment of Chukai River, the seawater intrudes further to the upstream river, causing the increasing salinity in the river about 10 - 15 ppt. However, with the floodway development, the channel would allow more water from Kemaman River being discharged into Chukai River. Increased in the volume of water in Chukai River has led to seawater dilution. Further, it invades the unique stretch of Chukai River and takes the salinity back to the initial state. Findings from the implementation of the flood mitigation project in the Kemaman river basin has benefitted the local society, watershed, and the surrounding biota ecosystems. Importantly, a greater prevention with the risk of repetitive flood damage to the buildings and structures in Kemaman area which has significantly achievable. HIGHLIGHTS Salinity model is used for flood mitigation project High salinity in Chukai river resulted from seawater intrusion Hydrodynamic model is to assess the water quality simulation
As part of the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system as an alternative water source supply for nonpotable use, therefore the characteristic of chemical compounds was significantly explored. The Department of Chemistry, Malaysia, gave the data set for three years (2017-2019). Some chemometric techniques, including PCA, were performed to identify the dimensionality of the rainwater data, hence establishing the rainfall index's purity to determine the quality of rainwater in the study area. Discriminant analysis managed to differentiate each rain gauge station. Cluster analysis was then applied to perform smaller group of rain gauge stations. The result demonstrates that sea salt, secondary aerosols, trace metals, crustal origin, and organic acid dominated the dimensionality of rainwater data with a total variance of 53.38% and indicated that the PRI was significantly diversified into good purity of rainfall index (GPRI), (Labuan and Danum Valley), moderate purity of rainfall index (MPRI), (Kuching and Tawau) and bad purity of rainfall index (BPRI), (Kota Kinabalu and Bintulu). From the study, it can be stipulated that the chemical composition of rainwater in the study area was attributable to the local activities.
This study involves the assessment of family support based on a new instrument (questionnaire). 200 respondents were analyze a large set of variables. A complete set of family support towards opiate dependents was analyzed by a principal component analysis results to determine the variation of the questionnaires and identify the charac variation questions. The result showed that there are answers given by respondents (39.09% of cumulative variation), and a further analysis by cluster analysis categorized all those questions into variation question (HVQ), and this was followed by cluster 1 with moderate variation question (MVQ) and the lowest variation question (LVQ) was in cluster 3. This study involves the assessment of family support based on a new instrument (questionnaire). 200 respondents were selected and a multivariate analysis was used to a large set of variables. A complete set of family support towards opiate dependents by a principal component analysis, followed by a cluster analysis of the PCA results to determine the variation of the questionnaires and identify the charac variation questions. The result showed that there are 7 questions which have high variation in answers given by respondents (39.09% of cumulative variation), and a further analysis by all those questions into 3 groups. Cluster 2 had the highest variation question (HVQ), and this was followed by cluster 1 with moderate variation question (MVQ) and the lowest variation question (LVQ) was in cluster 3. This study involves the assessment of family support based on a new instrument ultivariate analysis was used to a large set of variables. A complete set of family support towards opiate dependents followed by a cluster analysis of the PCA results to determine the variation of the questionnaires and identify the characteristics of high questions which have high variation in answers given by respondents (39.09% of cumulative variation), and a further analysis by groups. Cluster 2 had the highest variation question (HVQ), and this was followed by cluster 1 with moderate variation question (MVQ) and the lowest variation question (LVQ) was in cluster 3. Keywords
One of the growing mental illnesses experienced in Malaysia is depression. There was once when one stage was among Malaysians at a critical and higher stage until the attempt to commit suicide. This study has observed a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health Malaysia to identify and understand the vulnerability experienced by every state in Malaysia focuses on the effect of demographic on mental patients by state, age, ethnicity and gender. The data was collected from the Malaysian Health and Morbidity Survey. The findings showed that the highest state of mental illness was the state of Selangor. The overall depression of Malaysians was increasing at an all-time high. The action taken by the Ministry of Health to address mental illness is by using a positive action plan instead of negative. In conclusion, depression at the highest level is one of the first causes of Malaysians to experience mental disorders in every state. This study suggested some proposals as follow-up action at the end of this study.
The deterioration of nature's quality is among the contributing factors to environmental disasters arises from human attitude, which greedily developed the necessities of life without evaluating the risk of environmental damage including natural disasters such as floods. This will be more serious and life-threatening due to the changing surface and sub-surface of soil structure by human activities. This has caused the rain balance and running water to be disrupted. The river basins that are experiencing the rapid development such as in Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Johor, will serious face environmental problems. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify the level of flood disaster management preparation in Kelantan state, December 2014. It involves three levels of preparation which are before, during and after at eight districts in Kelantan. According to Kelantan Strategic Research Centre, large flood events are due to the overflow of the Kelantan River which is the main source for the population around the river basin. The flood events have recorded the value of public utilities and property losses of almost 1 Billion Malaysian ringgit. This research used group sampling as the survey method, where the questionnaire was distributed to 434 respondents who were involved in the flood. The data analysis method uses principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the index value (MOF =.). The results of the analysis show that the highest indices of the pre flood recovery index is Mukim Melor, 1.11 while the lowest are Manek Urai and Ghucil, -0.62. The preparation during the Kadok flood is recorded as the highest at 0.96 and Ghucil the lowest, -0.80. While the post floods in Bunut Payung and Pasir Tumboh are recorded as 0.96 and -0.50 respectively. Hence, the documentation of flood management systems should be reconstructed at multi-tiered phases to minimize the management risk of natural disasters.
Sand mining from the catchment basin for building is a worldwide issue. The increasing demand for sand in the construction industry has led sand suppliers to look for alternative methods by which they can obtain source of sand from the riverbed. Floodplain and river slabs can be used as new sources of sand mining. In Sungai Kemaman, during September until March a high precipitation can cause high flow in river. This high flow can cause riverbank erosion which leads to instability of river. Therefore, river erosion can probably be reduced by identifying the potential area for sand mining. This research was conducted to analyse sand capability on floodplain and riverbed by integrating resistivity method and sediment transport loads using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Resistivity survey is used in determining the availability of potential soil at the study area and the equipment could measure subsurface profile up to 80 meters depth. Meanwhile, ADCP survey is utilized to make river profiler in term of velocity meshes and riverbed depth. The primary data collected was from 20 January 2014 to 19 February 2014. The findings found that the samples trapped in the Helly-Smith grabber were majority of the samples consisted more than 93% of gravel and sand materials and from the resistivity analysis, it is verified that the surrounding materials along the Sungai Kemaman is sandy material and high potential of the sand mining site.
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