Estimation of rainwater harvesting by the reflectance of the purity index of rainfall

Abdullah, Siti Nor Fazillah; Ismail, Azimah; Juahir, Hafizan; Lananan, Fathurrahman; Hashim, Nor Muzlinda; Ariffin, Nadiana; Mohd, Tengku Azman Tengku

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12772-6

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Everest region due to high aerosol emissions from the North-west region. Anthropogenic activities can influence the rainwater's characteristics due to the presence of aerosol 66 . The air mass back trajectories are critical for determining the potential transportation paths of air mass to the station and have been computed at the study area using the NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model 67 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric approach to evaluate the chemical behavior of rainwater at high altitude in Shaune Garang catchment, Western Himalaya

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present research has been performed to analyze the chemical behavior of rainwater of the Shaune Garang catchment (32.19° N, 78.20° E) in the Baspa basin, located at a high elevation (4221 m above mean sea level) in the Himachal Himalaya, India. During the study period, sixteen rainwater samples were collected from the Shaune Garang catchment at five different sites. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH value of rainwater ranged between 4.59 and 6.73, with an average value of 5.47 ± 0.69, indicating the alkaline nature of rainfall. The total ionic strength in the rainwater ranged from 113.4 to 263.3 µeq/l with an average value of 169.1 ± 40.4 µeq/l. The major dominant cations were Ca2+ (43.10%) and Na+ (31.97%) and anions were Cl− (37.68%), SO42− (28.71%) and NO3− (23.85%) in rainwater. The ionic ratios were calculated among all the ions. The fraction of (NO3− +Cl−) with SO42− was measured as 2.3, which specifies sour faces of rainwater due to HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl. A multivariate statistical assessment of rainwater chemistry through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows the significance of four factors controlling 78.37% of the total variance, including four-component (PC1 explained 27.89%, PC2 explained 24.98%, PC3 explained 14.64%, PC4 explained 10.85%). However, the individual contribution of Factor 1(PC1) explains 27.89% of the total variance (78.37%) and displays a strong optimistic loading for Ca2+ and Cl−. Further, high loading of Ca2+ and NO3− and moderate loading of SO42− signify the contribution of burning fossil fuel and soil dust. Anthropogenic and natural pollutants influence the composition of rainwater in the pristine Himalayas due to local and long-distance transportation. The study area receives precipitation from the West and North-West, transporting dust and fossil fuel emissions from the Thar Desert and Northwestern countries.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric approach to evaluate the chemical behavior of rainwater at high altitude in Shaune Garang catchment, Western Himalaya

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, this study puts forth a standardized multivariate analysis method, specifically principal component analysis, to accurately decipher the data and derive optimal insights about the green campus aspect. Drawing upon a study conducted by Abdullah et al, 2021, which utilized PCA to formulate an index, the current study adopted similar procedures to generate a green campus index for UniSZA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators and Dimensions in the Formulation and Evaluation of a Sustainable Campus Index

Abdullah,

Kamarudin,

Abd Wahab

et al. 2024

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The establishment of a green campus assumes significance in ensuring comfort and elevating the overall quality of life. This study was conducted to ascertain the variability in the questionnaires and delineate the attributes of questions exhibiting high variation in the results. Therefore, constructing the UniSZA Green Campus index based on the acquired weighted values. A total of 420 questionnaires were returned out of 500. Principal Component Analysis was employed to extract distinctive information from the amalgamated dataset. The results of the analysis draw out four factors that were discerned and subsequently interpreted as environmental management (46.65%), environmental infrastructure (12.53%), environmental atmosphere (6.35%), and environmental program (5.39%). In assessing the variation of the UniSZA Green Campus Index, distinct categories were identified, encompassing excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad classifications. This study suggests that the average UniSZA Green Campus index is situated within the second category. Despite the indication of good standing, the university should proactively take steps to ensure that UniSZA aligns with the principles of environmental sustainability in daily practices. The index system can serve as a guide for universities to attain sustainability on their campuses.

show abstract

A Systematic Literature Review on Rainwater Quality Influenced by Atmospheric Conditions with a Focus on Bangladesh

Hossen,

Salauddin,

Badsha

2023

Environmental Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estimation of rainwater harvesting by the reflectance of the purity index of rainfall

Cited by 4 publications

References 99 publications

Chemometric approach to evaluate the chemical behavior of rainwater at high altitude in Shaune Garang catchment, Western Himalaya

Chemometric approach to evaluate the chemical behavior of rainwater at high altitude in Shaune Garang catchment, Western Himalaya

Indicators and Dimensions in the Formulation and Evaluation of a Sustainable Campus Index

A Systematic Literature Review on Rainwater Quality Influenced by Atmospheric Conditions with a Focus on Bangladesh

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About