The fortification of cereal grains with metal micronutrients is a major target to combat human malnutrition of Fe and Zn. Based on recent studies showing that N fertilization can promote Fe and Zn accumulation in cereal grains, we investigated here the influence of nitrate- or ammonium-based N fertilization on the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu as well as metal chelator pools in flag leaves and grains of winter wheat. Fertilization with either N form increased the concentrations of N and of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) in green leaves, while 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) remained unaffected. Despite the differential response to N fertilization of NA and DMA levels in flag leaves, N fertilization remained without any significant effect on the net export of these metals during flag leaf senescence, which accounted for approximately one third of the total Fe, Zn, or Cu content in leaves. The significant increase in the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu found in the grains of primarily ammonium-fertilized plants was unrelated to the extent of metal retranslocation from flag leaves. These results indicate that an increased N nutritional status of flag leaves promotes the accumulation of Fe, Zn, and Cu in flag leaves, which is accompanied by an increased pool of NA but not of DMA. With regard to the far higher concentrations of DMA relative to NA in leaves and leaf exudates, DMA may be more relevant for the mobilization and retranslocation of these metals in high-yielding wheat production.

The national wheat imported reaches approx.-imately 7 million ton per year, recently. The wheat plantation in Indonesia is strongly affected by the high temperature which triggers the stunned roots. Thus the plan wheat growth and production reduced. The experiment to investigate of selectedlocal wheat lines which were already established in Indonesia and resistant to drought effect. The level of drought influence on several growth parameters of vegetative plant and thus affected to seeds production as well as on total yield. The results show that the introduced-variety of wheat line, SO3 shows the significant tolerant to drought and able to maintain the SRL (specific root length) and increase the proline contents to with stand the drought condition compare to other lines (M7 and M8). The proline as amino acid climbed extremely effected by drought, in contrast the root growth in particular their length reduced. Those plant conditions influence the plant vegetative growth and generative phases, especially for seed production. Additionally, the M8 and SO3 selected-line presents the stability on yield production compare to other varieties, since it able maintain the content of proline and ratio of root length. Therefore, those selected lines are appropriate to grow in Indonesia which produces at approximately 3.5 t ha -1 .

Pineapple which is one of the perishable commodities with high water content about 90.73% in 100 gr of fresh material. Thermal pasteurization has a weakness that can degrade the quality of fruit juice products. In contrast, non thermal processes have expectations which is don’t make decreasing quality of the product. One of the non-thermal pasteurization type called Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). Nowadays, PEF system have two type batch and continous, which respectively used in this research is PEF continous system. This study uses research methods group random design (GRD) with two factorial that voltage (20, 30 and 40 kV) and frequency (10, 20, 30 and 40 kHz). Based on these studies it is known that the voltage and frequency is significantly different to the value of Total Plate Count (TPC), and absorbance. However there aren’t significantly different with the pH, vitamin C, viscosity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total sugar and color. The treatment based on the microbial test are at a voltage of 40 kV and a frequency of 40 kHz which can reduce bacteria significantly 1.01x103 cfu/mL or 0.94 by log cycle with the effectiveness of microbial death by 88.5%. The treatment based on the microbial test are at a voltage of 40 kV and a frequency of 30 kHz which The result indicates that physical and chemical characteristic of pineapple juice become 3.98 of pH, total dissolved solid (TDS) of 6.25 °brix, total sugar of 14.75 % viscosity of 3 cp, vitamin C of 7.6 mg/100ml, absorbance of 0.67, color on the brightness (L*) value of 24.05, redness (a*) of 6.35, and yellowish (b*) of 7.5. This result shows that PEF continuous respectively work system to pasteurize the pineapple juice.

Komoditas Bawang Merah memiliki peluang bisnis yang besar di Indonesia. Sebagai salah satu bahan pokok, bawang merah memiliki beragam manfaat mulai dari bumbu masakan hingga produksi obat herbal. Karena manfaat dan kebutuhan yang beragam inilah membuat tingkat konsumsi bawang merah di Indonesia tinggi. Namun produksi belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mendapatkan komposisi media tanam yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah varietas Bauji. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021 di Kelurahan Cinambo, Kecamatan Cisaranten Wetan, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok non Faktorial dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Terdapat 10 perlakuan kombinasi media tanam ialah P1 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : pasir (1 : 2 : 1) P2 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : pasir (1 : 1 : 2) P3 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : pasir (1 : 1 : 1) P4 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : pasir (2 : 1 : 1) P5 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang kambing : pasir (2 : 2 : 1) P6 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang sapi : pasir (1 : 2 : 1) P7= Media tanah : pupuk kandang sapi : pasir (1 : 1 : 2) P8 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang sapi : pasir (1 : 1: 1) P9 = Media tanah : pupuk kandang sapi : pasir (2 : 1 : 1) P10= Media tanah : pupuk kandang sapi : pasir (2 : 2 : 1). Penelitian dilakukan secara distruktif dan non distruktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan komposisi media tanam tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah kecuali pada luas daun. Hal ini dapat dimungkinkan bahwa varietas Bauji lebih sesuai dibudidayakan di daerah dataran rendah sampai dataran sedang.

The major problem on the improving shallot production is due to availability of quality tuber seeds requied by farmers in sufficient quantities. One effort that can be done in order to fulfill the seed production is to use TSS or True Seed of Shallot technology. For this reason, efforts are needed to improve nitrogen fertilizer efficiency following the application of seaweed extract along with different source of N fertilization.The research was carried out in the village of Sidomulyo, Batu, with an altitude of 923 m asl with planting material from seed growers in Probolinggo who have experienced on shalor seed production with seed a dormancy period of approximately 2 months. Seaweed Extract (RL) uses Citorin and ammonium nitrate using Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer. For seeds to be planted, vernalization is carried out by inserting seeds into the refrigerator at ± 10 o C for 3-4 weeks. The study began in September 2018 and ends in January 2019. The study used a Factorial Randomized Group Design of 1 factor, namely the dose of Ammonium Nitrate with several concentrations of seaweed extract (RL). The dose of Ammonium Nitrate consists of 0% (0 kg / ha), 50% (from the total N dose of 178 kg / ha and 100% (as much as 178 kg / ha). The dosage of N 178 kg per hectare comes from the calculation of N content in doses recommendation is NPK 600 kg / ha (NPK fertilizer contains 15% N), ZA 200 kg / ha (ZA fertilizer contains N 26%), Urea 100 kg/ha (urea fertilizer containing N 46%), and KCl 150 kg/ha Seaweed extract with a concentration of 0 ppm, 120 ppm, 240 ppm, 360 ppm and 480 ppm. Thus the treatment is as follows: (1) Control = 0% N and 0 ppm RL; (2) N1 RL 120 ppm (50% dose N and 120 ppm RL); (3) N1 RL 240 ppm (50% N and 240 ppm RL); (4) N1 RL 360 ppm (50% dose N and 360 ppm RL); (5) N1 RL 480 ppm (50% dose N and 480 ppm RL); (6) N2 RL 120 ppm (100% N and 120 ppm RL (7) N2 RL 240 ppm (100% N and 240 ppm RL (8) N2 RL 360 ppm (100% N and 360 ppm RL); (9) N2 RL 480 ppm (100% dose N and 480 ppm RL). The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and number of tubers per plant, 50% bloom time, number and height of stem, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, number of flowers per stem, number of kernels per stem, percentage of flowers being kernels, weight of 1 seed, seed weight per 1000 m 2 , mini tuber production. Data from the observations were analyzed using ANOVA and if there was a significant effect followed by LSD at the level of 5% to see the differences between treatments.

Rice is an important commodity for the majority of the population, especially in the continent of Asia use rice as a staple food. The state of Indonesia and East Timor, rice as the main food source that needs continue to increase because in addition to the population continues to grow at a rate of increase of about 2% per year, as well as the change in consumption pattern of the population of non-rice to the rice. Interest characterization and evaluation of the appearance of rice(Oryza Sativa L.) locally Timor Leste and Indonesian rice are getting Local rice genotypes Timorese suitable for cultivated in paddy fields. This research using a randomized block design (RBD) consisted of 9 treatments and 3 replications. The materials used are high-yielding rice varieties namely IR-3 64, Ciherang, Cimelati and 6 local rice genotypes Timor Leste, namely Hare Foam, Fafulu Hare, Hare Bauk Morin, Mean Hare, Hare and Hare Modok Fulan. Results showed that the highest plant length at the age of 10 MST contained in the local rice Hare Bauk Morin(134.67 cm), Number of tillers(40.30) the number of leaves(4.64).Flowering date and time of harvest shortest genotypes present in Morin namely Hare Bauk flowering date (39 days) and time of harvest (105 days). The highest number of panicles contained in Hare Mean genotype, high-yielding varieties IR64, Ciherang and Cimelati. The length of the longest panicle genotypes present in Foam Hare, Hare Hare Fafulu, and Fulan. The number of filled grains per panicle most contained in superior varieties IR64, Ciherang and Cimelati. The highest weight of 1000 grains contained in Cimelati varieties (vu3) with Hare Bauk Morin, IR64 and Cherang varieties. The highest rice yield for local rice genotypes present in Hare Bauk Morin (G3) of 9.79 ton.Ha-1 while yielding varieties there exist varieties Cherang (vu2) of 9.74 ton.Ha-1.

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) menjadi salah satu komoditas hortikultura utama di Indonesia serta memiliki banyak manfaat. Peningkatan produksi tanaman bawang merah dapat diimbangi dengan teknologi budidaya dengan menambahkan sumber nitrogen yang bersumber dari pupuk ZA. Terdapat varietas unggul bawang merah beredar di masyarakat diantaranya varietas Biru Lancor, Super Philip, dan Batu Ijo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari dan mendapatkan pengaruh dosis pupuk ZA terhadap tiga varietas tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2022 di Dusun Tampung, Kecamatan Gondangwetan, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama terdiri dari 4 taraf dosis pupuk ZA yaitu D1: N 100 kg ha-1, D2: N 150 kg ha-1 , D3: N 200 kg ha-1 , D4: N 250 kg ha-1 dan faktor kedua terdiri dari 3 taraf varietas yaitu V1: Biru Lancor, V2: Super Philip, V3: Batu Ijo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi pada parameter hasil yakni bobot segar total, bobot segar umbi. jumlah umbi, dan bobot umbi kering per rumpun, bobot kering total per rumpun, bobot umbi kering per petak, dan bobot umbi kering per hektar. Varietas Super Philip dengan pemberian dosis pupuk ZA N 150 kg ha-1 mampu meningkatkan bobot segar total per rumpun (55,33%), bobot segar umbi per rumpun (54,15%), jumlah umbi per rumpun (73,51%), bobot umbi kering per rumpun (55,11%), bobot kering total per rumpun (71,54%), bobot umbi kering per petak (49,34%), dan bobot umbi kering per hektar (49,43%).

ABSTRAKSari tebu hijau merupakan diversifikasi produk olahan tebu hijau. Pada proses pastuerisasi sari tebu hijau dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu termal dan nontermal. Kandungan tertinggi pada sari tebu yaitu gula sebesar 75-92 %, bila dipanaskan dengan metode termal adanya ion OH-akan terjadi proses dekomposisi diawali dengan pembentukan asam organik (asam laktat) diikuti senyawa kompleks yang akhirnya dapat menghasilkan warna coklat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dibutuhkan alternatif pengolahan sari tebu hijau nontermal. Salah satu pengolahan nontermal menggunakan Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi tegangan dan frekuensi PEF terhadap kualitas sari tebu hijau, serta untuk mengetahui kombinasi tegangan dan frekuensi PEF yang paling tepat agar dihasilkan kualitas sari tebu hijau yang terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan (< 40 kV) dan frekuensi (< 40 kHz) yang rendah pada perlakuan PEF tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap total mikroba, total padatan terlarut, total gula, viskositas dan warna pada sari tebu hijau. Perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini yaitu perlakuan PEF menggunakan tegangan 40 kV dan frekuensi 40 kHz. Hasil perlakuan terbaik pada pengujian TPC pada perlakuan PEF tegangan 40 kV dengan frekuensi 40 kHz yaitu 87,48 % dengan total mikroba 8,5 x 106 cfu/ml. Penurunan total mikroba pada tegangan 40 kV dan frekuensi 40 kHz sebesar 0,9 log cycle, dengan karakteristik pH yaitu 5,83, total padatan terlarut (TPT) sebesar 13,4 o Brix, viskositas sebesar 5 Cp, warna kecerahan (L*) sebesar 23,55, kemerahan (a*) sebesar 7, kekuningan (b*) sebesar 7,3, dan total gula sebesar 12,24 %.