Highlights:1. Decubitus ulcers can be caused by prolonged immobilization and constant pressure on the body.2. Decubitus ulcer patients were dominated by females, aged 46-65 years old, and the most common comorbidity history was patients with limb weakness. AbstractIntroduction: Continuous pressure on the area of the skin, especially in areas with bone protrusion can cause decubitus ulcers. Decubitus ulcers can occur to anyone, both children and adults, male or female, especially in people who experience daily immobility in a bed or wheelchair. Many treatments are performed in order to prevent decubitus ulcers to not becoming a more dangerous condition. This study aimed to determine the profile of pressure ulcers in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study. Secondary data were collected from 25 medical records of pressure ulcer patients in the Outpatient Clinic Department of Plastic Surgery Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January to December 2018. The data such as age, gender, risk factors, comorbidities history, and management were taken. The calculation was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results: The majority of patients with pressure sores at the Outpatient Clinic Department of Plastic Surgery Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January to December 2018 were dominated by female patients aged 46-65 years old (24%), with the most common risk factor being immobilization (96%). Patients’ history showed that most patients with decubitus ulcers suffered from a weakness in the limbs (13%). The most common treatment was wound bed preparation (46%) and education (46%).Conclusion: Pressure ulcers most often occurred in women aged 41-65 years or the elderly. Most patients experienced immobilization as a risk factor for pressure ulcers. These patients were dominated by those who had a history of illness with limb weakness. The therapy applied to patients with pressure sores was the preparation of wound beds and education to the patient.

Background: Physical exercise has a lot of benefit for health. However, the effect of cognitive function such as concentration in teenagers has yet been known.Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a single bout or acute moderate intensity physical exercise on the level of concentration in teenagers.Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 16-18 years old teenagers, divided into two groups, control (C) and exercise (E) groups. Each group consisted of 8 boys and 8 girls. The E group did a single bout of moderate exercise using ergocycle. Physical exercise duration was 15 minutes, preceded by 5 minutes of warming up and then followed by 5 minutes of cooling down exercise. The concentration level was measured using the response period to sound stimulation (in second), measured with reaction time machine pre- and post-treatment. Faster response showed better concentration level and vice versa. Data were analyzed using paired T test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, independent T test, and Mann-Whitney test. The significance level was 5%.Result: There were significant differences of concentration level between pre- and post-exercise in E group (p= 0.004) and post-exercise concentration level between groups (p = 0.01). Exercise group had faster reaction time than C group (0.555±0.2 vs. 0.793±0.3, respectively).Conclusion: A single bout of moderate intensity exercise can improve the cognitive function showed by increased concentration level in teenagers.

Background: Physical exercise has a lot of benefit for health. However, the effect of cognitive function such as concentration in teenagers has yet been known.Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a single bout or acute moderate intensity physical exercise on the level of concentration in teenagers.Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 16-18 years old teenagers, divided into two groups, control (C) and exercise (E) groups. Each group consisted of 8 boys and 8 girls. The E group did a single bout of moderate exercise using ergocycle. Physical exercise duration was 15 minutes, preceded by 5 minutes of warming up and then followed by 5 minutes of cooling down exercise. The concentration level was measured using the response period to sound stimulation (in second), measured with reaction time machine pre- and post-treatment. Faster response showed better concentration level and vice versa. Data were analyzed using paired T test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, independent T test, and Mann-Whitney test. The significance level was 5%.Result: There were significant differences of concentration level between pre- and post-exercise in E group (p= 0.004) and post-exercise concentration level between groups (p = 0.01). Exercise group had faster reaction time than C group (0.555±0.2 vs. 0.793±0.3, respectively).Conclusion: A single bout of moderate intensity exercise can improve the cognitive function showed by increased concentration level in teenagers.

Physical inactivity and obesity are some of the main risk factors for diabetes mellitus (DM). The presence of DM might result in impaired quality of life (QoL). Our study aimed to firstly determine the association between diabetes exercise status and the QoL in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and secondly to explore other factors associated with QoL among T2DM patients. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design of T2DM patients in dr. Trimurti primary health care (PHC) from January – December 2019. The subjects were recruited consecutively then categorized into treatment group (who performed diabetes exercise program) and control group (who did not perform diabetes exercise program).  then observed as in the exercise group (who performed diabetes exercise program) and in the non-exercise group (who did not perform diabetes exercise program). The dependent variable was the QoL and was collected through a modified questionnaire made from 30 questions. The maximum score for QoL was 120 (all 4 on the Likert scale) and the score results were categorized as poor if the score was 96.5 and good if the score was 96.5. Meanwhile, other data (comorbidities, exercise status, glycaemic status) were obtained through medical records. A total of 60 adult T2DM patients were recruited, consisting of 30 subjects each in the non-exercise and exercise groups. Male subjects, aged 65 years, had bachelor's degrees, retired, married, had very high income, had no comorbidities, and exercised independently every week tended to have good QoL. In the exercise group, the majority of subjects (60%) performed diabetes exercise every two weeks and the majority (90%) had random blood glucose levels 200 mg/dL. The chi-square test revealed a significant associaton between participation in diabetes exercise and QoL in T2DM subjects. Participation in diabetes exercise is associated with good QoL and better glycemic control in T2DM patients.

Background: Adequate function of wrist extensor muscles is essential for handgrip strength. Handgrip strength can be used as a health problem predictor in the future. Maintaining and increasing handgrip strength to reduce the risk of future mortality is noteworthy. Aim: To investigate the immediate effect of the kinesiotaping facilitation technique on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles on handgrip strength of healthy individuals. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in August – September 2020. Twenty-two healthy men, aged 25 – 40 years and willing to participate in this study by signing the research agreement form was recruited from Medical Rehabilitation Departement RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, and randomized into kinesiotaping group and placebo taping group. The kinesiotaping group received kinesiotaping facilitation technique Y strip 50% stretched on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles. The placebo taping group received non-elastic adhesive tape Y strip on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles. Handgrip strength was measured using hydraulic handgrip dynamometer before and 30 minutes after kinesiotaping facilitation technique and placebo taping applied. Results: Alteration of handgrip strength is significant increase in kinesiotaping group compared to placebo taping group (p=0.036). Conclusion: Kinesiotaping facilitation technique on non-dominant wrist extensor muscles can immediately increase handgrip strength of healthy individuals.

Background: According to the American College of Rheumatology, osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous group of conditions that lead to joint signs and symptoms. This disease causes pain and disability in patients so that it interferes with daily activities and causes severe socio-economic impacts. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in Indonesia increases with age. This study aims to determine the clinical profile of knee osteoarthritis outpatients at the Medical Rehabilitation Installation at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This study used retrospective descriptive method using medical records of knee osteoarthritis patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya for the period July 2018 -August 2019. There were obtained 87 samples of patient data that met the inclusion criteria. The variables in this study such as age, gender, type of knee osteoarthritis of the patient, and the location of the patient's knee osteoarthritis. Results: The results showed that most of the samples were in the elderly group (>60 years) as many as 50.57%, the patients were female (86.21%). The patient had secondary osteoarthritis and the patient had knee osteoarthritis on both sides of the knee. Conclusion: Based on this study, it was concluded that age, gender, location of knee osteoarthritis are appropriate variables in various other studies and the existing theories.

Sarcopenia is a condition which characterized by loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function due to aging. Some study found that sarcopenia prevalence was more common in men than women. This study aims to determine the comparison of sarcopenia diagnostic component between two group ages in men by observing and comparing muscle mass, handgrip strength and usual gait speed according to Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic criteria that analyzed by Independent Sample T Test. The sample size with consecutive sampling technique was 149 mens which divided into two groups based on ages of elderly over 60 years (n = 73) and young adult between 18-40 years (n = 76). From the independent sample t test results, there was significant difference of muscle mass mean, handgrip strength mean and gait speed mean between elderly group and young adult group by 2.467 (SD ± 0.1454) kg/m2 (t(98.350) = -16.969; p = 0.000), 10.455 (SD ± 1.0983) kg (t(147) = -9.519; p = 0.000) and 0.4753 (SD ± 0.2808) m/s (t(11.636) = -16.747; p = 0.000) which means along with increasing age, sarcopenia diagnostic components value, i.e. muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance will also decrease. Keywords: sarcopenia; bioelectric impedance analysis; handgrip strength; gait speed; AWGS

Background Locomotive syndrome (LS) is due to locomotive organ disorders which decrease mobility function, especially in the elderly. LS interferes with physical activity and is decreased in the elderly which could potentially decrease muscle strength. Hand grip strength (HGS) has been associated with overall strength and lower limb strength, but its correlation with physical activity in LS is unknown. Objectives This study aims to analyze the correlation between physical activity and HGS in elderly with LS. Methods 44 elderly were screened with Indonesian version of the Loco-check, a screening tool for LS. Physical activity was assessed with Indonesian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form and HGS was assessed with a digital hand dynamometer respectively. The correlation between physical activity and HGS with Loco-check were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results Significant correlation were found between physical activity with Loco-check in question number six (p = 0.027) and seven (p = 0.006), with a correlation coefficient of 0.333 and 0.407 respectively. No correlation was found between HGS with Loco-check, neither between physical activity with HGS. Conclusion There are positive correlations between physical activity and LS.