Praktikum merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting dalam pembelajaran biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian psikomotorik praktikum biokimia untuk mahasiswa pendidikan biologi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan yang menggunakan model 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate), namun pada penelitian ini hanya dilakukan sampai tahap develop. Instrumen penilaian psikomotorik yang dikembangkan terdiri dari 80 butir pernyataan yang mencakup 4 level psikomotorik yaitu perception, set, guided response dan mechanism. Pengujian validitas isi dilakukan oleh ahli serta dilakukan analisis faktor eksploratori (EFA) menggunakan SPSS 20. Uji kelayakan produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan ahli evaluasi serta dilakukan uji keterbacaan oleh asisten praktikum biokimia. Uji coba produk dilakukan pada kelompok kecil yaitu satu golongan praktikum dan uji coba kelompok besar dilakukan pada tiga golongan praktikum. Hasil keterbacaan asisten praktikum terhadap instrumen yang dikembangkan sebesar 93,85% masuk katagori sangat baik. Hasil penilaian kelayakan produk dari segi kebahasaan, konstruksi, materi, obyektivitas dan kebermanfaatan oleh ahli materi sebesar 91,67 % masuk kategori sangat baik dan penilaian produk dari ahli evaluasi sebesar 81,67% masuk katagori sangat baik. Hasil analisis EFA menunjukkan nilai KMO 0,857 (>0,5). Hasil uji penilaian psikomotorik mahasiswa mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 62, masuk kategori baik.
Biochemistry practice is a basic practicum that must be mastered by biology education students. Skills in biochemistry practicums are the basis used in practicum physiology, genetics, microbiology, and other materials in biology. This study aims to analyze psychomotor skills achieved by students in biochemical practicums and examine the relationship between cognitive learning outcomes and psychomotor learning outcomes of biology education students in biochemical practicums, especially in the experimental material for making solutions and measuring pH. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a sample of 40 biology education students. Learning outcomes data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the correlation between psychomotor and cognitive learning outcomes was analyzed using Pearson Correlation analysis at α = 0.01. The results showed that psychomotor skills that were mastered by students in biochemistry practicum (making solutions and pH measurements) included levels 1-4, with an achievement percentage of 89.19% at level perception; 97.30% at the level set; 51.62% at the guided response level and 72.97% at the mechanism level, with psychomotor learning outcomes averaging 58 (sufficient category). The cognitive value of students in the experimental for making solutions and pH measurements was 63.32 (good category). There is a positive correlation between psychomotor and cognitive learning outcomes of students in biochemistry practicum (r = 0.67) with a strong correlation category.
Background: Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton & Rose) is widely consumed all over the world nowadays. The peel and flesh of red dragon fruit contain many bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. The preparation process is critical to maximizing the yield of the antioxidant content. Objective: The objectives of this research were to evaluate total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as the antioxidant activity of peel and flesh of red dragon fruit prepared by various methods. Methods: The fresh and dried samples of peel and flesh of red dragon fruit were prepared via maceration and non-maceration process. Ethanol (96%) was used as the solvent in maceration. In the non-maceration process, the samples were ground using a blender and pressed using a juicer. TPC was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteau methods, while TFC was determined by spectrophotometry UV-Vis with AlCl3. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) tests. Results: Preparation methods affect the antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel and flesh. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity (BCB test) can be found in the ethanolic extract of the blended peel. Both the ethanolic extracts, blended peel and blended flesh, had the same DPPH radical scavenging activity. The highest TFC can be found in the ethanolic extract of dried-peel.
Red dragon fruit is one of the popular fruits that have been widely used both for consumption and food coloring. The red dragon fruit peel and flesh contain various antioxidant compounds that can be used as pharmaceutics and nutraceuticals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various extract preparations of the peel and the flesh of red dragon fruit on the viability of normal human fibroblasts. Seven conditions of peel and flesh extracts were prepared as follows, i.e. dried peel ethanolic extract, fresh blended peel ethanolic extract, dried flesh, fresh blended flesh ethanolic extract, blended fresh flesh, filtrate of pressed flesh, and pomace of pressed flesh. Each sample preparation was tested for its effect on the viability of normal human fibroblasts using MTT assay. Results showed that dried peel ethanolic extract reduce cell viability. Red dragon fruit flesh extracts caused no significant effect on the fibroblast viability. In conclusion, the fruit flesh extracts are relatively safer to normal cells than the peel extracts. IC 50 value of the ethanolic extract of dried peel was 55.38±3.85 µg/mL, while the IC 50 value of various types of flesh extract were more than 500 µg/mL.
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