We found a significant dose-response relationship between HTLV-I transmission via breast-feeding and mother-child HLA class I type concordance. Immunological interactions between a child's cells and maternal cells may influence the risk of HTLV-I infection by breast-feeding, perhaps because antigens on maternal cells are seen by the child as being "self."
Our study suggests that HTLV-I-associated skin diseases of childhood may include seborrheic dermatitis and eczema. Additionally, these data suggest that persistent hyperreflexia of the lower limbs may be an early sign of HTLV-I-associated neurologic involvement in children. Expansion and continued clinical observation of this cohort would be valuable.
The provirus loads in children increased for an additional year after their antibody titers had stabilized, possibly as a result of the expansion of HTLV-I-infected clones. This effect was significant only for children with eczema. Among HTLV-I-infected children, eczema may be a cutaneous marker of the risk of HTLV-I-associated diseases developing in adulthood.
Birmann et al.: Altered host immunity, human T lymphotropic virus type I replication, and risk of adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma: a prospective analysis from the ATL Cohort Consortium.
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