The myoelectric interfaces are being used in rehabilitation technology, assistance and as an input device. This review focuses on an insightful analysis of the data acquisition system of EMG signals from these interfaces. According to applications reported in research articles of the last five years, the properties of the sensors, the number of channels, the pre-processing of the EMG signal, as well as the software and hardware used were identified. This analysis was performed for the following applications: monitoring of muscular activation for rehabilitation, muscle activation plans, and identification of possible pathologies, exoskeletons, electric of wheelchairs, prosthetics control, myoelectric bracelets, handwriting recognition and silent speech recognition. The results presented in this review become a guide of recommendations for the myoelectric signal processing according to the application of the interface. The main developments, degrees of research and open challenges are also presented in this direction.
In this Systematic Review of the Literature (SRL) the term “technological competence” is analyzed. The analysis is conducted within the areas of knowledge in which the term has been studied, considering the definitions that have been associated to the term, the approaches proposed by the authors that make use of the term, the transformation of the concept throughout the time, and the boundaries of application with other similar terms, such as technological capability and technological skill. A total of 140 publications focused on technological competences are analyzed. The publications correspond to a time span ranging from 1994 to 2016, and include research articles from recognized databases and, to a lesser extent, gray literature articles. Finally, the term technological competence applied in the productive sector is redefined such as it allows focusing on projects for technological absorption or training in industry.
Dentro de la enseñanza de la ingeniería se considera a las actividades prácticas de laboratorio como fundamentales para el desarrollo de competencias técnicas específicas en el estudiante, mismas que son requeridas en el campo profesional. Empero, la contingencia internacional por Covid-19 ocasionó la migración de las actividades de enseñanza presencial al espacio virtual y dificultando este proceso. El propósito del presente estudio consistió entonces en la identificación de las estrategias didácticas desarrolladas por docentes universitarios del área de electrónica para el desarrollo de competencias técnicas, ante las limitantes presentes para la realización de prácticas de laboratorio presenciales. Se indagó además sobre la valoración que éstos docentes realizan de la efectividad general de dichas estrategias y de las propias limitantes. Con estos propósitos se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte cualitativo. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a un grupo de ocho expertos, quienes imparten docencia a nivel licenciatura en programas de ingeniería. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los docentes han modificado la organización de sus actividades, no así su alcance o contenidos. El uso de software de simulación se erige como la principal estrategia, mismo que previamente era considerado como complementario a la dimensión teórica. Adicionalmente, las limitantes de acceso de los estudiantes a recursos en línea para la simulación constituyen la principal preocupación docente.
This research explores and analyzes the context of the renewable energies industry sector of Baja California, Mexico, regarding the adoption, appropriation, knowledge and usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by focusing on human resources, mainly its business managers and directors, as key actors of strategic plans in terms of research and technological development. For this task, a Technological Competencies Profile (TCP), meant for evaluating the incorporation of ICTs by business leaders, was constructed by reviewing the definition of “technological competency” in 140 publications, and by considering the European e-Competence Framework (e-CF), the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), and other related guidelines. This profile was later applied to analyze 13 SMEs and their leaders’ technological competencies. The investigation was further enriched with the information extracted from 13 interviews made with renewable energy experts in Baja California. The conclusions of this study show that, although SME leaders do have knowledge of ICTs and use them effectively for their own communicative and personal purposes, they do not consider them as a part of their business operation that can optimize their processes and impact its innovative capabilities.
Introducción: como una estrategia de colaboración interinstitucional entre México y Colombia, se propuso evaluar los resultados de una capacitación en recursos educativos a docentes del Centro de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Metodología: el tipo de investigación empleado fue descriptivo con un enfoque mixto. Los datos se recolectaron por encuesta con un instrumento de 13 preguntas y una muestra intencional de 10 docentes. Resultados: se definieron ocho variables (género, edad, modalidad de enseñanza, expectativas, utilidad, motivación, aprendizaje de los estudiantes y herramientas), se evaluó la consistencia interna del instrumento (coeficiente de Pearson de 0,879, alfa de Cronbach de 0,947) y se mostró que una formación planificada con necesidades reales impacta positivamente a los docentes. Conclusiones: la planificación y asistencia a capacitaciones aumenta la motivación y el interés de los docentes. También propicia un ambiente favorable para la incorporación y el uso de recursos didácticos en las aulas virtuales como estrategia de enseñanza.
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