Bukit Merah Dam is Malaysia’s oldest dam and the risk of failure probability is rising as the dam aging physically. The number and magnitude of maximal precipitations caused by changes in weather have been increasing and directly increase the likelihood of developing a dam failure. Risk analysis usually incorporates the theory of probability and the mathematical statistics to obtain the risk of dam failure within the framework of dam safety. However, the experience and judgment of the dam experts are not considered in determining the risk of dams failure. This study aims to determine the risk factor of Bukit Merah Dam through the Delphi technique and to assess the risk factor impacts due to dam failures using the AHP method. There are three risk factors or criteria highlighted in this research which are structural, human and natural. According to the results for the structural criteria, the priority is seepage where the final weight is 70.1%. For the human criteria, the priority is operational mismanagement with the final weight of 58.46%, 31.45%. Lastly, for the natural criteria, the priority is flooding from high precipitation with a final weight of 48.57%. From the consistency ratio, the CR for structural factor is 0.041 while for the human factor is 0.014 and for natural criteria is 0.019. As all the CR value for this criteria is less than 0.1, all participants’ evaluations about dam failure criteria are consistent. In conclusion, the dam operators need to be more vigilant to seepage, operational mismanagement and flooding from high precipitation factors of failure for Bukit Merah Dam.
More than 8 t of fresh concrete waste may be created and returned to the batching plants throughout Malaysia, where it will degrade into concrete sludge. Most batching plants will dump their concrete sludge on the ground or at a landfill which is not eco-friendly at all. Consequently, this study is to investigate the potential of concrete sludge of batching plant (CSBP) to be used as the stabilized material for organic soil which indirectly can help to recycle CSBP from end up at the landfill. The Atterberg limit test was conducted to identify the characteristic of soil used in this study. Four different percentages of CSBP were used which are 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Then, the standard Proctor test and California bearing ratio test were performed, and it shows that the CBR value remarkably increases from 4.8 to 20.7%, with the rise of CSBP percentages from 0 to 15%. The finding shows that CSBP can be used as the potential material to enhance the trend of strength value of CBR. Thus, using CSBP as a stabilized material for organic soil would alleviate the problem of overflowing landfills with concrete sludge and encourage a more sustainable approach in the construction industry.
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