Current international media reports on Nigeria indicate that it is having some serious security challenges arising from the destructive activities of Boko Haram insurgent group. Furthermore, similar reports show that attempts by the Nigerian government to overcome the problem appear to be in effective resulting in loss of lives and properties almost on a daily basis. Thus, prompting the government to seek for international support from United States of America, China and other European states. Against these aforementioned developments, this paper attempts to examine the evolution, operational strategy, effects of Boko Haram insurgent group's activities and response of the Nigerian government. The paper employed qualitative research method and specifically used content analysis to review existing secondary data relating to Boko Haram phenomenon. Among the findings of the paper is that, Boko Haram phenomenon which emerged in 2002 within the NorthEastern state of Borno as a peaceful religious sect has been transformed into a deadly terror organization. Political, external forces and lack of comprehensive approach by the Nigerian government have been identified as some of the factors which contributed in worsening the situation. As a result several lives and properties have been lost. It is therefore, the opinion of the paper that while attempting to overcome the challenges posed by the insurgent group, Nigerian government should at the same time begin to address some of the issues that led to their emergence and spread.
Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) in Malaysia has been a successful land development agency for the past fifty-two years. Established on 1 July 1956, it is the main government instrument in reducing rural poverty in the Federation of Malaya. FELDA itself has grown into a conglomerate with numerous subsidiaries and joint-venture companies engaged in a variety of related upstream and downstream business. This paper deals with women's participation in downstream activities. It provides an analysis on the motivational factors that influence the participation of the said activities among women in land development scheme. The objective of the study is to analyse motivational factors that encourage women to get involve in business activities. The study is quite important because FELDA wanted the settlers, men or women, to do more than just managing their oil palm or rubber holding but they must also become entrepreneurs in order to diversify their source of income. A set of questionnaire had been used as a method for data collection and it was distributed to 292 respondents involved in the downstream activities. There were ten areas surveyed which include FELDA Raja Alias,
This article argues that the U.S.–Southeast Asia relations under Obama have been driven and limited by a “partially converged hedging” process between the two sides. On the one hand, the United States has sought to push back and hedge against the longer‐term risks of a rising challenger by mobilizing its alignment and diplomatic assets in Asia. The structural imperative, however, has been conditioned by a calculation of not wanting to be rigidly locked in any regional problems. On the other hand, the ASEAN states have correspondingly hedged against the uncertainty surrounding China's rise by leveraging on the United States' enhanced engagement. This driver, nonetheless, has also been conditioned by a fundamental concern of not wanting to confront the rising power in an outright manner. Unless China's actions have posed an immediate threat that leaves the states no choice but balancing, such a partially converged hedging process is likely to endure in the years to come.
Background and Purpose: In the modern globalisation epoch, security threats no longer concern the state’s hostilities, military operation, or nuclear proliferation. It involves non-traditional menaces like human trafficking, which is believed to escalate quickly. The goal of this research is to identify human trafficking activities and to reveal the experiences of victims in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Malaysia. Methodology: This study used a qualitative method through a case study approach. It involved an in-depth interview session with five primary informants (represented as Cases 1 to 5) who were the victims of human trafficking from Bangladesh, a government officer from related agency, two local academicians and a representative of Bangladesh foreign workers’ vending system company. Findings: The study discovered that human trafficking crimes produce detrimental effects on the survival of the victims, especially on the economic and individual security aspect. Their wages are not fully paid and their freedom to socialize is restricted. Contribution: This study calls for policy formulation and policy implementation to protect the interest and security of people despite their citizenship which is considered the most trustworthy, relevant and universal approach in rectifying these illegal activities within Southeast Asia region especially in Malaysia. Keywords: Bangladesh, labour migration, human security, human trafficking. Cite as: Dolhan, N., Othman, Z., & Idris, N. A. (2021). Human trafficking and human security in Southeast Asia: A case study of Bangladeshi foreign workers in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 136-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155
National security landscape has undergone an inclusive dynamics through the threat of cross-border migration process. This study aims to discuss the migration of the Rohingya’s ethnic to Malaysia. Analysis of non-traditional’s threats in interpreting internal security challenge to Malaysians are the main elements of the discussion in this study. Through a qualitative study and validation of accuracy of procedural information, this study argues that three non-traditional’s threats to human trafficking, local colony formation, and cross the border illegally as the underlying impact of migration among the Rohingya. In addition, the pressure of social responsibility on human factors also contributed constraints of national security policy based on the image of Malaysia. Thus, several proposals were discussed to contribute to policy-makers regarding the cross-border migration in Malaysia.Keywords: Cross-border migration, refugee, Rohingya, threat, human trafficking Abstrak: Lanskap keselamatan negara telah mengalami dinamika yang inklusif melalui ancaman daripada proses migrasi rentas sempadan. Kajian ini bermatlamat membincangkan faktor migrasi etnik Rohingya ke Malaysia. Analisis bentuk ancaman bukan tradisional yang menginterpretasi cabaran keselamatan dalaman terhadap rakyat Malaysia merupakan elemen diskusi utama dalam kajian ini. Melalui rekabentuk kajian kualitatif dengan validasi ketepatan maklumat berprosedur, kajian ini menghujah tiga ancaman bukan tradisional iaitu pemerdagangan manusia, pembentukan koloni setempat dan rentas sempadan secara haram sebagai impak yang mendasari migrasi dalam kalangan etnik Rohingya. Selain itu, tekanan tanggungjawab sosial atas faktor kemanusiaan turut menyumbang kekangan pelaksanaan polisi berasaskan citra keselamatan negara Malaysia. Demikian itu, beberapa cadangan turut dibincangkan bagi memberi sumbangan kepada pembuat dasar berkenaan migrasi rentas sempadan di Malaysia.Kata Kunci: Migrasi rentas sempadan, pelarian, Rohingya, ancaman, pemerdagangan manusia
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